new Zealand 2
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2022-08-19 15:02:05
new Zealand 2
National Stone
greenstone
Green stone, also known as green jade, also known as jadeite, emerald jade, jadeite, Burmese jade, is a kind of jade, the color is emerald green (called emerald) or red (called jade). It is a polycrystalline aggregate of jade grade mainly composed of jadeite, omphacite and sodium chrome pyroxene formed during the geological process. The handicrafts carved from green stone are regarded as amulets by New Zealanders, and green stone is designated as the national stone， sports fitness .
According to Statistics New Zealand, as of the end of 2020, the total population of New Zealand was about 5.11 million, of which the labor force accounted for about 57% of the total population, the labor force participation rate was about 70%, and the labor force above the university accounted for about 19% of the total population.
New Zealand is highly urbanized, with more than 57% of the population living in cities with more than 30,000 people, according to the 2018 census, mainly settled in the Auckland region (1.57 million), the Wellington region (500,000) and the Canterbury region (59 10,000), the population of Auckland region accounts for about 1/3 of the total population of the country.
According to the 2018 census data, the number of Chinese settled in New Zealand is 260,000, which is one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in New Zealand and the second largest group of Asians (710,000). Indians are 280,000 people. The number ranks first among Asians. Chinese New Zealanders are mainly distributed in the three major cities of Auckland, Christchurch and Wellington. China has become one of New Zealand's main sources of immigration.
polity
New Zealand is a parliamentary country with a multi-party cabinet system. The Governor appoints the leader of the political party that wins the parliamentary election to form the Cabinet. The Prime Minister, Cabinet and Legislature hold state power. The cabinet is made up of the majority party in Congress.
constitution
New Zealand has no written constitution. Its constitution is composed of a series of laws and amendments passed by the British Parliament and the New Zealand Parliament successively, as well as certain decisions of the British Privy Council.
parliament
New Zealand implements a unicameral system with only the House of Representatives, established in 1854. Members are elected by universal suffrage for a three-year term. The current parliament is the 53rd and was formed in November 2020. There are 120 seats in total, of which the Labour Party has 65 seats, the National Party has 33 seats, the Action Party and the Green Party have 10 seats each, and the Maori Party has 2 seats. The current speaker, Trevor Mallard.
government
The Executive Council, composed of the Governor and Ministers, is the highest statutory executive body. The Executive Council is presided over by the Governor, who is presided over by the Prime Minister or Senior Minister in the absence of the Governor. The exercise of powers by the Governor must be guided by the recommendations of the Executive Council. The cabinet holds real power.
The current government is composed of the Labour Party and the Green Party in November 2020. It has 26 members, including 20 cabinet ministers and 6 non-cabinet ministers.
judicial
New Zealand has a Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Court, several local courts and specialized courts dealing with legal issues related to employment, family, youth affairs, Māori affairs, and the environment. The Supreme Court was established on January 1, 2004, replacing the Privy Council of the United Kingdom as the Court of Final Appeal, consisting of the Chief Justice and four judges. The current Chief Justice is DameSian Elias, who took office in 1999. The Court of Appeal consists of a president and nine judges. The current president is Stephen Kós, who took office on August 6, 2012. The High Court consists of 38 judges and 7 associate judges. The current Chief Justice is Goeffrey Venning, who took office on June 1, 2015.
political party
There are 18 registered political parties in New Zealand. There are:
(1) Labour Party (Labour Party): the ruling party. Founded in 1916. It mainly represents the interests of low- and middle-income earners, and trade unions and Māori are its traditional supporters. Advocates the implementation of democratic socialism, attaches great importance to the social welfare system, and increases government intervention in social policies. Governed many times. After the 2017 general election, he joined New Zealand First and the Greens to govern. Form this government together with the Greens in 2020. The current leader is Jacinda Ardern.
(2) National Party (National Party): the largest opposition party. It was formed in 1936 by the merger of the Liberal Party and the Reform Party. It mainly represents the interests of farmers, big entrepreneurs, lawyers, etc. It advocates the implementation of a free market economy and privatization, opposes excessive government intervention in the economy, strictly regulates welfare policies, and reduces government spending. Governed many times. Opposition after the 2017 general election. The current leader is Judith Collins.
(3) Green Party: Formerly known as the Value Party, it was established in 1972 and merged with Greenpeace in 1990 to change its current name. Actively committed to anti-war, anti-nuclear, environmental protection movements and safeguarding the interests of the elderly, poor families and other vulnerable groups. Joined the Coalition Party in 1991. He left the Coalition in 1999. After the 2017 general election, he joined the Labour Party and the First Party to govern. Form this government together with the Labour Party in 2020. Current leaders James Shaw and Marama Davidson.
(4) ACT Party: The predecessor was the Consumers and Taxpayers Association founded by Labour government minister Roger Douglas (Roger Douglas), which was changed to its current name in November 1994. Representing the interests of the business community, the supporters are mostly large consortiums and wealthy businessmen. The current leader is David Seymour.
(5) Maori Party (Maori Party): In April 2004, due to disagreement with the Labour government on the Maori issue, Associate Maori Affairs Minister Tariana Turia (Tariana Turia) resigned and formed the Maori Party. Advocates to maintain the traditional interests of Maori people and protect Maori culture, customs and language. The current co-leaders are John Tamihere and Debbie Narewa packer.
(6) New Zealand First Party (NZ First Party): established in 1993, formed a cabinet jointly with the National Party from 1996 to 1998, and formed a cabinet jointly with the Labour Party from 2005 to 2008. It advocates increasing support for economic development in other places other than big cities, advocates restricting foreign immigration, opposes the sale of strategic land and assets to foreigners, and opposes relaxing the number of foreign students. After the 2017 general election, he joined the Labour Party and the Green Party to govern. The 2020 general election did not enter parliament. The current leader is Winston Peters.
Other political parties are: Conservative Party, Opportunities Party, Advance Party, etc.
dignitaries
Current Governor: Patsy Reddy, female, born in Matamata, North Island, New Zealand. He holds a Bachelor of Laws and a Master of Laws from Victoria University of Wellington. After graduation, he stayed on to teach. In 1982, he joined Mingde Law Firm, the largest law firm in New Zealand, specializing in tax law, company law and film law. He has been with Brierley Investments since 1987. In 1999, as one of the founders, he established a private investment company. He has served as consultant and manager of New Zealand Telecom, Southern Oil Company, Post Office, Film Archive, Film Commission, New Zealand Transport Agency and other departments. In September 2016, he took office as the 21st Governor of New Zealand for a five-year term.
New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern
Current Prime Minister: Jacinda Ardern, female, born in Hamilton, New Zealand in July 1980. Graduated from the University of Waikato with a degree in Politics and Public Relations. Joined the Labour Party in 1997. In 2008, he was elected to the New Zealand Parliament and has been re-elected since then. Former Labour spokesman for justice, children, cultural heritage and small business. In March 2017, he was appointed as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, and in August 2017, he was appointed as Labour Party leader. Prime Minister in October. Re-elected Prime Minister in November 2020.
Overview
New Zealand is a developed country with a high degree of marketization and legalization of the economy, transparent and efficient government management, political stability and social security. It has modern infrastructure and developed communication, road, rail, sea and energy networks. The country has relatively free capital flows and one of the lowest average tariffs in the world. The practitioners have a high degree of education and master a variety of skills.
According to the 2020 Global Competitiveness Report released by the Lausanne School of Management in Switzerland, New Zealand ranks 22nd out of the 63 most competitive countries or regions in the world. In the "2020 Doing Business Report" released by the World Bank, New Zealand once again ranked first among 190 economies in the world.
The main economic data of New Zealand are as follows:
Gross Domestic Product (2020): S$322 billion
GDP per capita (2020): About S$63,000
Economic growth (Q1 2021): 1.6%.
Currency: New Zealand Dollar (S$1 ≈ USD 0.7, Aug 2021).
Foreign reserves: S$24.4 billion (August 2021).
Government Debt: New Zealand's government debt stood at NZ$103.3 billion as of February 2021.
Sovereign Rating: Fitch maintained New Zealand's rating at AA+ in January 2021.
Fiscal revenue and expenditure: From January to December 2020, New Zealand's fiscal revenue totaled S$116 billion, fiscal expenditure totaled S$138.9 billion, and a deficit of S$23.1 billion.
Fitch maintained New Zealand's rating at AA+ in January 2021. In February 2021, Standard & Poor's said that New Zealand is recovering faster than most economies in the world due to the proper control of the epidemic. S&P said New Zealand's fiscal outlook was stable. In April 2021, Moody's maintained a stable AAA credit rating for New Zealand and expects the New Zealand economy to remain resilient in the face of adversity.
agriculture
Agriculture in New Zealand is highly mechanized. The main crops are wheat, barley, oats, fruits and so on. Food is not self-sufficient and needs to be imported from Australia. In 2020, dairy exports were valued at S$16.5 billion, meat exports at S$8.3 billion and fruit exports at S$4.25 billion.
industry
New Zealand's industry is mainly based on the processing of agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry products, mainly including dairy products, blankets, food, leather, tobacco, paper and wood processing and other light industries.
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