Hungary
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2023-04-21 13:40:03
Hungary
Hungary
Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarorsz á g) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. To the east is Romania and Ukraine, to the south is Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia, to the west is Austria, and to the north is Slovakia. The total length of the boundary line is 2246 kilometers. The land area is 93023 square kilometers. It is a continental climate, cool and humid. The annual average temperature is 10 ℃, the summer average temperature is 21.7 ℃, the winter average temperature is - 1.2 ℃, and the annual average precipitation is about 630mm. The country is divided into the capital and 19 states, with 24 state level cities, 274 cities, and 2854 townships established. The capital is Budapest. In January 2022, Hungary has a population of 9.689 million. The main ethnic group is the Hungarian (Mazar) ethnic group, accounting for approximately 90%，sports fitness .
In 896 AD, the Mazars migrated to the Danube Basin from the western foothills of the Urals and the Volga River Bay. In 1000 AD, Istvan I established the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1526, the Ottoman Empire invaded and the kingdom disintegrated. In 1541, Hungary was divided into three parts, ruled by the Ottoman Empire, the Habsburg dynasty of Austria, and the Grand Duchy of Erdey. Since 1699, the entire territory has been ruled by the Habsburg dynasty in Austria. The Hungarian Revolution was suppressed by Austria in 1848. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reorganized into the Austro Hungarian Empire to prevent Hungary from becoming independent again. After World War I, independence was restored and the Hungarian Soviet Republic was established in March 1919. In 1920, Horti Miklos served as regent of the Kingdom of Hungary. The People's Republic of Hungary was proclaimed in August 1949. The October Incident in Hungary broke out in October 1956. On October 23, 1989, the country's name was changed to the Republic of Hungary. I joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. In January 2012, the Republic of Hungary passed a new constitution and renamed it Hungary.
Hungary is a moderately developed country and a member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The main economic data for 2021 are as follows: Gross Domestic Product: 154.1 billion euros. Per capita GDP: 13700 euros.
Latest News and Future History
Hungary prohibits the import of 25 Ukrainian agricultural products from April 19, 2023 19:35
On April 18th, according to a decree issued by the Hungarian government on the website of the Hungarian Gazette, the import of 25 Ukrainian agricultural products was prohibited from April 19th, and the ban was effective until June 30th of this year; At the same time, Ukrainian agricultural products are still allowed to transit through Hungary details
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Chinese name Hungarian foreign name Magyarorsz á g, the main city of Budapest, the European capital of the continent to which Magyarorsz á g belongs, Miskolz, Debrecen, Pec, Szeged and other National Day National Anthem "Heaven Bless Hungarians" on August 20, 1949 country code HUN official language Hungarian currency Hungarian forint time zone UTC+1 political system parliamentary republic national leader Katarin Novak (President) Orban Victor (Prime Minister), population 9.689 million (January 2022), population density 106.7 people/km2 (2020), major ethnic groups, Hungarians, major religions, Catholicism and Protestantism, land area 93023 km ² The water area ratio is 0.74%, GDP totals 154.1 billion US dollars (2021), per capita GDP is 13700 US dollars (2021), international call area code 36, abbreviation of international domain name. hu Road access, drive right, the largest city Budapest, the national flower of Pelargonium, the central bank of Hungary, the national bank of Hungary, climate temperate zone, continental climate, the founding date of the largest lake, Balaton Lake, the longest river, Tisa River, 600km, the geographical highest point, Kaikesh Peak (1014m), one of the phonetic symbols ˊ ㄌㄧ ˋ The major universities in the largest administrative region of Bach Kishkun Oblast, such as Sigurd University and Etwoshroland University, are among them
Main entry: Hungarian history
The Hungarian region had ancient human activities 350000 years ago.
Map of Hungary
In the 1st century BC, the Roman Empire conquered the southern region of Hungary and became part of the province of Pannoah.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, various ethnic groups gradually migrated here. The first to arrive were the Xiong people, who, under the leadership of Attila, established a powerful Xiong Empire. The name Hungary may come from this, but many scholars believe it should come from the Onogul people who belong to the Turks.
After the dissolution of the Hungarian Empire, the Germanic tribes ruled here for nearly 100 years, followed by the Avars. Under their nearly 200 year rule, the Slavic people began to infiltrate. Moravia, Bogar, Poland and Croatia all tried to overthrow the Awar, but it was not until Charlemagne that they succeeded in defeating them. After Charlemagne's death, the East Francia gradually declined, and the situation was favorable to the rise of Slavs. Svatopruk, the leader of Great Moravia, ambitiously tried to establish a kingdom of Moravia, but the arrival of Mazar people ended the dispute in this area.
Middle Ages
Hungary
The formation of the Hungarian country originated from the eastern nomad, the Mazar nomadic tribe. In the 9th century AD, they migrated westward from the western foot of Ula Mountain and the Volga River Bay. In 896 AD, they settled down in the Danube Basin.
In 1000 AD, Hungarian Grand Duke Istvan I promoted Catholicism in Hungary and was crowned by the Catholic Pope as the first king of Hungary. Traditionally, it is believed that the Mazar country was founded by Archduke Alpa, who led the Mazar people to the Pannonia Plain at the end of the 9th century. The Kingdom of Hungary was established by King Istvan I in 1000 AD. The early history of Hungary was closely related to Poland and Bohemia, and was also influenced by the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor.
From 1241 to 1242, Hungary suffered a heavy blow under the attack of the Mongol Golden Horde Khanate.
From 1458 to 1490, Junioti Magash (Magash I) ruled Hungary. He further strengthened the Hungarian national strength and the authority of the government, and established the standing army - the Hungarian Black Army. Under his rule, Hungary (especially in the north, a part of Slovakia) became an artistic and cultural center in Renaissance Europe.
In 1526, Türkiye invaded, and the feudal country disintegrated into three parts. Hungarian culture has also influenced neighboring countries, such as the Polish Lithuanian Federation. Poland, Bohemia, and Hungary once formed the Visegrad Group (a name also used in the 1991 alliance formed by Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia).
Kingdom period
In 1699, the entire territory began to be ruled by the Habsburg dynasty.
In 1848, the revolutionary struggle for freedom led by Cosut broke out.
In April 1849, the Hungarian parliament passed the Declaration of Independence, establishing the Hungarian Republic, but was soon strangled by the Austrian and Russian armies.
Hero Square
In 1867, they formed the Austro Hungarian Empire with Austria. After the First World War, the Austro Hungarian Empire disintegrated. On October 31, 1918, the Hungarian Democratic Republic was founded. In March of the following year, the revolution collapsed immediately. In March of 1919, the Hungarian Soviet Republic was founded. In August of the same year, it was overthrown by the army headed by Horsi, and the constitutional monarchy of Hungary was restored.
In 1920, the defeated Hungary signed the Treaty of Trianon with the Allied powers, losing 72% of its territory and 64% of its population.
In 1941, Hungary joined the German Italian Japanese Axis Powers Group. In 1944, the German army occupied Hungary.
In April 1945, Hungary was liberated throughout its territory with the help of the Soviet Red Army.
Republic period
Main term: the People's Republic of Hungary
Hungary
On February 1, 1946, it announced the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Republic of Hungary.
On August 20, 1949, the establishment of the People's Republic of Hungary was announced.
In October 1956, the Hungarian October Incident broke out.
In 1989, the political situation in Hungary underwent a sharp change. In February of the same year, the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (referred to as the Socialist Workers' Party) announced the abandonment of its ruling party status and the implementation of a multi-party system. Afterwards, contradictions within the social work party continued to become public. In October, the Social Labour Party was renamed the Socialist Party, and proposed to establish "democratic socialism" in Hungary. On October 23, the Hungarian Parliament passed the constitutional amendment, changing the "People's Republic of Hungary" to "Republic of Hungary", and decided to cancel the presidium of the Republic as the collective head of state and implement the presidential system system; Establishing a multi-party system and parliamentary democracy as a rule of law country; The provision to abolish the leadership role of Marxist Leninist political parties in national institutions. Jointly governed by the Socialist Party and the Liberal Democratic Alliance.
At the end of 1999, the Crown Law was passed and a Crown Committee led by the President was established.
In 2012, a new constitution was promulgated, changing the country's name from "Republic of Hungary" to "Hungary".
On October 28, 2016, Hungary was elected to the United Nations Human Rights Council for a term of office from 2017 to 2019.
On April 13, 2023 local time, the Hungarian Ministry of Economic Development stated that the Hungarian government has decided to withdraw its representative from the International Investment Bank and withdraw from the bank.
geographical environment
Regional location
Map of Hungary
Central European landlocked countries. It is adjacent to Romania and Ukraine to the east, Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia to the south, Austria to the west, and Slovakia to the north. The total length of the boundary line is 2246 kilometers, and the land area is 93023 square kilometers.
topographic features
Kaikesh Peak
Hungary is mainly composed of plains, with 80% of its territory having an elevation of less than 200 meters, belonging to the middle reaches of the Danube River plain. The Hungarian Plain east of the Danube River covers an area of approximately 50000 square kilometers, as well as a small plain in the northwest, with most of it at an altitude of 100-150 meters. Less than one-fifth of the mountain range is mountainous, with the northern part being part of the Carpathian Mountains, with an elevation of 300-1000 meters. The Kaikesh Peak in the northern mountainous region is the highest point in the country, with an elevation of 1015 meters. The western Outer Danube Mountains are the remnants of the Alps, with a general elevation of 300-500 meters, and the highest peak is Mount Korish, with an elevation of 704 meters.
Climatic characteristics
Located in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, Hungary is the intersection of temperate continental climate, temperate marine climate and Mediterranean climate. Among them, continental climate has a greater impact on Hungary, which belongs to continental temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest climate. Hungary has a significant climate change, with significant temperature differences between different regions in the country, with an average annual temperature of 10.8 ℃. July and August are the hottest months, although the average temperature in summer is between 21.7 ℃, the temperature during these two months sometimes exceeds 30 ℃, reaching a maximum of 34.5 ℃. Winter is not very cold either, with the coldest months in January and February, with an average temperature of -1.2 ℃. The annual sunshine duration is 2038 hours, with more sunshine in the south. The annual average wind speed is 2.2 meters/second, and the annual average precipitation is about 630 millimeters.
Hydrological distribution
Balaton Lake
The important rivers in Hungary are the Danube River and its tributary, the Tisa River. Balaton Lake, located at the southern foot of the Baokoni Mountains, is the largest lake in Central Europe; Balaton Lake is the largest freshwater lake.
