Mauritania
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2023-08-15 14:15:50
Mauritania
Mauritania
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania, abbreviated as Mauritania, is located in northwest Africa, between 15 and 27 degrees north latitude, with an area of 1.0307 million square kilometers. Mauritania is bordered to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the north by Western Sahara and Algeria, to the southeast by Mali, and to the south by Senegal. The region has a tropical desert climate with flat terrain, with two-thirds of the area being desert. The capital city is Nouakchott, and the country is divided into 15 provinces with a land area of 1.03 million square kilometers and a population of 4.8 million (as of 2022). Overall, it is divided into two categories: the Moorish and Black African peoples (African black)，sports fitness .
The earliest residents of Mauritania were the Bavarian black people, who later migrated to northern Mauritania by the Berber people of North Africa. The Arabs entered Mauritania in the 7th century AD. In 1912, it became a French colony. In 1920, it became a colony under the jurisdiction of French West Africa. In 1956, it became a "semi autonomous republic" and joined the French Community in September 1958. In November, the "Islamic Republic of Mauritania" was declared established. It became independent on November 28, 1960. Mauritania implemented a parliamentary system. The parliament implemented a bicameral system, with the President serving as the head of the country and the Council of Ministers as the highest executive body and highest administrative body.
Mauritania is one of the least developed countries in the world. Mauritanians generally welcome distinguished guests and are accustomed to "Roasted whole lamb" as the most cordial hospitality. In 2022, Mauritania's gross domestic product was $10.09 billion, with a per capita gross domestic product of $2330 and an economic growth rate of 4%.
geographical environment
Regional location
Mauritania is located in northwest Africa, between 15 and 27 degrees north latitude, with an area of 1.0307 million square kilometers. Maota is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara and Algeria to the north, Mali to the southeast, and Senegal to the south. The vast northern and central regions are located in the southwest of the Sahara Desert, with 3/4 of the country's area being desert, known as the "Desert Republic". Mauritania is located between the Maghreb and West Africa, and its unique geographical location gives it the dual attributes of Arab and sub Saharan African countries.
opographic features
Mauritania has a flat terrain, with two-thirds of the area being desert and most of the area being low plateaus at an altitude of around 300 meters. The southeastern border and coastal areas are plains.
Climatic characteristics
The northern part of Mauritania has a Sahara climate, while the southern part has a Sahel climate, which is hot and dry. For more than 6 months of the year, the daytime temperature reaches 38 ℃, and the temperature often exceeds 44 ℃ from May to June. However, the lowest temperature from January to February is only 10 ℃. The rainy season lasts from July to September each year, with an average annual precipitation of 120-130 millimeters in the northern region and up to 600 millimeters in the southern Senegal basin. Northeast winds dominate throughout the year, causing sand dunes to gradually advance southwest.
The capital city of Nouakchott is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west. September is the hottest month with temperatures of about 24-34 ℃, and December is the coldest month with temperatures of about 13-28 ℃, with the lowest reaching 9 ℃ and a significant temperature difference. From September to December every year, there are frequent sandstorms and severe salt erosion. But since December 2015, the climate has started to change, and there has been no coldest weather. The temperature is relatively high, and in January 2016, there was even a high temperature of over 40 ℃. From January to June 2017, the high and low temperatures alternated, resulting in an abnormal climate. Since 2018, the hot season has started relatively late.
time zone
Mauritania is located in the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) time zone, which is 8 hours away from Beijing time and does not implement daylight saving time.
natural resources
Mauritania is rich in mineral resources, with evidence of the existence of 400 minerals such as uranium, cobalt, manganese, coal, and diamonds. Iron ore and fishing are its two pillar industries. At present, it has been proven that the reserves of iron ore in Mao exceed 1.5 billion tons, gold reserves exceed 35 million ounces, copper reserves are about 28 million tons, phosphate reserves exceed 140 million tons, quartz reserves exceed 11 million tons, salt reserves exceed 245 million tons, and gypsum reserves exceed 6 billion tons.
