Nigeria
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2023-09-06 10:24:59
Nigeria
Nigeria
The Federal Republic of Nigeria, also known as Nigeria, is located at 6 ° 27 ′ N and 3 ° 24 ′ E. It is a country in southeastern West Africa and the peak of the west coast of the Gulf of Guinea in Africa. Its neighboring countries include Benin to the west and Niger to the north. It borders Chad across Lake Chad to the northeast, Cameroon to the east and southeast, and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south, with a land area of 923768 square kilometers, The population is 222 million (in 2023), with over 250 ethnic groups. The capital is Abuja, and the country is divided into one federal capital district and 36 states，sports fitness .
Nigeria is an ancient civilization in Africa. In the 8th century AD, the nomadic tribes of Zaghawa established the Kingdom of Kanem Bornu around Lake Chad, which lasted for over a thousand years. Starting from the 10th century, the Yoruba ethnic group established kingdoms such as Ife, Oyo, and Benin in the lower reaches of the Niger River. Around the 11th century, the Hausa tribe established seven castle kingdoms, also known as the "Hausa Seven States", in the northern region of Nepal. They were conquered by the Sanghai Empire in the west in the 16th century. In 1472, Portugal invaded. In the mid-16th century, Britain invaded. In 1914, it officially became a British colony. On October 1, 1960, it declared independence and became a member of the Commonwealth. On October 1, 1963, the Federal Republic of Nigeria was established.
Nigeria is the largest oil producer in Africa and the sixth largest oil exporter in the world. It is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77, the World Trade Organization, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union, and the Economic Community of West African States. It is the largest economy in Africa. In 2022, Nigeria's GDP was 477.3 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 2237 US dollars and a GDP growth rate of 3.3%.
geographical environment
Regional location
Nigeria is located in the southeastern part of West Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south, Niger to the north, Benin to the west, Cameroon to the east, and Chad to the northeast across Lake Chad. The land area is 923800 square kilometers.
topographic features
The terrain of Nigeria is complex and diverse, with high terrain in the north and low terrain in the south. The coastal area is a strip plain with a width of about 80 kilometers; In the southern low mountains and hills, most areas have an altitude of 200-500 meters; The central part is the Niger Bernue Valley; The northern Hauserland Highlands have an area exceeding 1/4 of the national area, with an average elevation of 900 meters; The eastern border is mountainous, with the Sokoto Basin and Lake Chad West Basin in the northwest and northeast, respectively.
Climatic characteristics
Nigeria belongs to a tropical grassland climate, with overall high temperature and rainfall. It is divided into dry and rainy seasons throughout the year, with an average annual temperature of about 26-27 ℃. The average annual temperature in coastal areas is 32.2 ℃, with the northernmost part reaching 40.6 ℃. The minimum temperature in coastal areas is 21.1 ℃, and the northernmost is 12.8 ℃. The relative humidity gradually decreases from coastal to inland, with the southern region having a relative humidity of about 80% and the northernmost region having a relative humidity of less than 50%.
Water system distribution
There are many rivers in Nigeria, with the Niger River and its tributary, the Bernue River, as the main river. The Niger River is 1400 kilometers long within its borders.
