Survival skills 1
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2022-12-15 15:50:36
Survival skills 1
Survival skills
Judgment direction
Soldiers, without topographic maps, north arrows and other standard equipment, should master some methods to use natural features to determine direction.
It is very simple to use the sun to determine the direction
You can use a pole (straight pole) to make it perpendicular to the ground, and place a stone at the top A of the pole shadow; After about 10 minutes, when the top of the pole shadow moves to B, place another stone. Connect two points A and B into a straight line. The direction of this straight line is the east-west direction. The direction perpendicular to the AB line is the north-south direction. If it is in the northern hemisphere, the end toward the sun is the south, and vice versa.
The direction is determined by using the method of pointer watch to the sun. The method is: the watch is placed horizontally, and the position indicated by the hour hand (24-hour system) after halving the time is toward the sun. The direction indicated by the 12 o'clock hour on the dial is roughly north. If the time is 16:00, the scale of the watch at 8:00 points to the sun, and the scale at 12:00 points to the north, sports fitness .
Survival skills
Judgment direction
Soldiers, without topographic maps, north arrows and other standard equipment, should master some methods to use natural features to determine direction.
It is very simple to use the sun to determine the direction
You can use a pole (straight pole) to make it perpendicular to the ground, and place a stone at the top A of the pole shadow; After about 10 minutes, when the top of the pole shadow moves to B, place another stone. Connect two points A and B into a straight line. The direction of this straight line is the east-west direction. The direction perpendicular to the AB line is the north-south direction. If it is in the northern hemisphere, the end toward the sun is the south, and vice versa.
The direction is determined by using the method of pointer watch to the sun. The method is: the watch is placed horizontally, and the position indicated by the hour hand (24-hour system) after halving the time is toward the sun. The direction indicated by the 12 o'clock hour on the dial is roughly north. If the time is 16:00, the scale of the watch at 8:00 points to the sun, and the scale at 12:00 points to the north.
Polaris determines the north
Polaris determines the north
When the night weather is clear, you can use Polaris to determine the direction. To find the Polaris, you must first find the Ursa Major (also known as the Big Dipper). The constellation is made up of seven stars, and the beginning is like a spoon. When the Big Dipper is found, the Polaris is a bright star that extends about 5 times the distance between the two stars A and B along the line of A and B on the edge of the spoon. The direction indicated by Polaris is north. You can also use the constellation Cassiopeia opposite to the Big Dipper to find Polaris. The constellation of Cassiopeia is composed of five stars with the same brightness as the Big Dipper, and the shape is like W. Polaris can be found in the front of the middle of the W notch, about twice the width of the entire notch.
It is a subsidizing method to determine the orientation by using the features of ground objects. When using, it should be used flexibly according to different situations. Independent trees usually have luxuriant branches and leaves in the south and smooth bark. The tree ring lines on the tree stumps are usually sparse in the south and dense in the north [2]. The doors and windows of rural houses and the main doors of temples usually open to the south. The snow on buildings, mounds, ridges and highlands usually melts fast in the south and slowly in the north. In the south of big rocks, mounds and trees, the vegetation is dense, while in the north, moss is easy to grow.
When you lose your way in the wild, don't panic. Instead, stop immediately, remember the road you have traveled calmly, and find a way to reorient according to all possible signs, and then find the road. The most reliable way is to "get lost" and return to the original place of departure.
When you lose your way in the mountains, you should climb high and look far ahead to judge which direction you should go. Generally, you should walk in the direction of low terrain, so that you can easily encounter water sources and travel along the river. This is especially important in forests. Because roads and settlements are often built along the river.
If you encounter a fork in the road, and there are many roads that make you at a loss, you should first make clear the direction you want to go, and then choose the right road. If the directions of several roads are roughly the same and cannot be determined, you should take the middle road first, so that you can find both sides. Even if you take the wrong road, you will not deviate too far.
Crossing complex terrain
When traveling in mountainous areas, in order to avoid getting lost, save energy, and improve the speed of travel, we should strive to have roads that do not cross the forest and climb the mountain, and roads that do not take paths. If there is no road, we can choose to travel on the longitudinal ridge, ridge, mountainside, edge of rivers and streams, and on the terrain with sparse trees, large gaps, and low grass. Strive to follow the beam rather than the ditch, and follow the vertical rather than the horizontal.
When walking, you can walk with big steps rather than small steps. In this way, we can take many less steps to get down several tens of kilometers. When you are tired, you should take a relaxing walk to rest without stopping. When climbing rocks, carefully observe the rocks, carefully identify the rock quality and weathering degree, and determine the climbing direction and route.
The basic method of rock climbing is the "three-point fixation" method, that is, after fixing two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand, move the remaining foot or one hand to move the body's center of gravity upward. Hands and feet should be well coordinated to avoid simultaneous movement of two points. It must be stable, light and fast. The most appropriate distance and the most stable fulcrum should be selected according to your own situation. Don't step too far, grasp or pedal too far.
Climbing the hillside below 30 degrees can rise in a straight line. When climbing, lean forward slightly, touch the ground with the sole of your foot, bend your knees, and shape your feet in a figure of eight. Don't step too fast or too big. When the gradient is greater than 30 degrees, the zigzag climbing route is generally adopted. When climbing, the legs are slightly bent, the upper body leans forward, the inner toes are forward, the whole foot is on the ground, and the outer toes are slightly turned outward. If you slip carelessly in the process of traveling, you should immediately face the hillside, open your arms but straight your legs, and tilt your toes to make your body move up as far as possible to reduce the sliding speed. In this way, you can try to find climbing and support during sliding. Never sit facing out, because it will not only slide faster, but also roll easily on steep slopes.
Rivers are often obstructed in mountainous and plain areas. When encountering rivers, do not rush into the water, but carefully observe and then determine the location and method of crossing the river. Rivers in mountainous areas usually have rapid water flow, low water temperature and rough riverbed. When wading, in order to maintain body balance, a pole should be used to support in the upstream direction of the water, or a stone with a weight of 15~20 kg should be held by hand. When crossing collectively, three or four people can form a row, embracing each other's shoulders, and the strongest body is located upstream.
Collect food
There are two main ways to get food in the wild. One is to hunt wild animals, and the other is to collect wild plants.
To hunt wild animals, we must first know the habitat of the animals and master the life rules of the animals. Then we can hunt them by means of suppression, trapping, hunting cards and shooting. This can only be really mastered after a long period of training and practice under the guidance of experts. The following is a brief introduction to the types and edible methods of edible insects and edible wild plants.
The insects people eat in the world include snails, earthworms, ants, cicadas, crickets, butterflies, grasshoppers, grasshoppers, grasshoppers, lake flies, spiders, mantis, etc. Although people are not used to eating insects, or even feel disgusted with them, they will try to maintain their lives and combat effectiveness, and then complete their tasks as a last resort. However, it should be noted that in fact, it should be cooked or roasted thoroughly to prevent the parasites in the insect body from entering the human body and causing poisoning or illness.
Common edible insects are grasshoppers; It can be roasted with soy sauce, boiled or fried; Mantis: Bake or fry the wings, or boil them; Dragonfly: edible after dry frying: cicada: raw or dry frying, larvae can also be eaten; Centipede: Dry fried, but not delicious; Longicorn: larvae can be eaten raw or roasted; Ants: fried, good taste; Spiders: remove the feet to roast; Termites: raw or fried; Pine caterpillar: baked food.
Edible wild plants include edible wild fruits, wild vegetables, algae, lichens, mushroom ferns, etc. The identification of edible wild plants is the main content of field bottom-up knowledge. China has a vast territory, which is suitable for the growth of various plants, including about 2000 kinds of edible plants. The common edible wild fruits in China are: mountain grape, Tus, black blind fruit, raspberry, seabuckthorn, torch fruit, myrtle, elaeagnus, black rice tree, phyllanthus emblica, etc., especially chestnuts, coconuts and papayas, which are easy to identify and are good food for emergency survival. Common wild vegetables include bitter cabbage, dandelion, houttuynia, purslane, spiny grass, shepherd's purse, wild amaranth, broomstick, water chestnut, lotus, reed, moss, etc. Wild vegetables can be eaten raw, fried, boiled or soaked.
However, ordinary people can only master these knowledge after a certain period of training under the guidance of experts. Here is a simple method to identify the toxicity of wild plants for emergency use. Generally, cut a small hole in the collected plants, put a pinch of salt, and then carefully observe whether the original color is changed. Generally, discolored plants cannot be eaten.
4、 Methods of obtaining drinking water
There are usually two ways to obtain drinking water: one is to excavate groundwater, the other is to purify surface water. We will only introduce the method of obtaining drinking water from surface water.
Generally, rainwater can be drunk directly. When it rains, a large amount of rainwater can be collected with rain cloth and plastic cloth, or with empty cans, cups, helmets and other containers.
When there is no reliable drinking water and no inspection equipment, the quality of water can be roughly identified according to its color, taste, temperature and water trace
Wild survival skills: finding and collecting water
3. When drinking the water at the ponding place in the depression, it must be disinfected, precipitated and then boiled for drinking.
4. Rainwater collection: dig a hole in the ground, pave a layer of plastic, and surround it with clay to effectively collect rainwater.
6. The water source can be found by tracking the trace of animals, birds, insects or human beings.
Wildlife survival skills: making fire in the wild
Use of sleeping bag
Sleeping bags are tricky. People who can't "sleep" will feel cold even if they use a cold sleeping bag (- 35 ℃) at ordinary low temperatures (- 5 ℃), so the correct use of sleeping bags can help us spend a cold night better. When using a sleeping bag, there are many external factors that affect the performance of the sleeping bag. It should be noted that the sleeping bag itself does not give off heat. It only effectively reduces the loss of body temperature. The following conditions will help you sleep warmer.
▲ Avoid wind and moisture
In the wild, a windproof tent can provide a warm sleeping environment. When choosing the camp, do not choose the valley bottom, which is the gathering place of cold air, and try to avoid the ridge or valley that bears strong wind. A good moisture-proof pad can effectively separate the sleeping bag from the cold and wet ground. The inflatable type has better effect. Two ordinary moisture-proof pads are required on the snow.
▲ Keep the sleeping bag dry
The water absorbed by the sleeping bag is not mainly from the outside world, but from the human body. Even in extremely cold conditions, the human body will still discharge at least a small cup of water when sleeping. Thermal insulation cotton will lose its elasticity due to adhesion after being affected with moisture, and its thermal insulation capacity will decline. If the sleeping bag is used for many days, it is better to dry it in the sun. Frequent cleaning of sleeping bags can keep the insulation cotton elastic.
▲ Wear more clothes
Some soft clothes can also be used as thickened pajamas. Filling the space between people and sleeping bags can also enhance the warmth retention of sleeping bags.
▲ Warm up before going to bed
The human body is the heat source of the sleeping bag. If you do a short warm-up exercise or drink a cup of hot drink before going to bed, it will slightly increase your body temperature and help shorten the warming time of the sleeping bag.
Standing first-aid kit
In the wild, no one can predict what will happen. A first aid kit can prolong your life. Be sure to take it with you.
