The basic survival skills you should master in the wild 2
4. Main fuel materials
A large piece of wood that can be burned on the combustor. It burns slowly but stably, can provide more heat, and can also produce carbon, which can continue to burn for a long time, outdoor product .
Once the fire is stable, add main fuel materials when it is necessary to maintain the fire. The main fuel materials are big wood, bundles of grass or plants, and coal.
Only when the fire is stable can damp main fuel materials (newly cut plants) be added, and they will be dried and start to burn. Generally, these materials release more heat, burn longer and more slowly. It is suitable to add before sleeping, so that the fire source can be kept for a long time.
Obviously, you can't make a fire in the tent, or you will be burned to death. Do not make a fire in the air vent, or the fire will be blown out or cause a forest fire. Choosing a good place can make the fire more efficient and last longer. The fire source is easy to be blown away by the wind. Obviously, we don't want to be the makers of disasters.
Before starting a fire, clear a place, remove all combustibles around, and keep the fire source in a centralized way. It is better to enclose the fire source with stones or dig a pit to start a fire.
Fuel supply is also very important. Collecting fuel is definitely a physical work that takes time and energy. So when choosing a fire site, you should consider whether there is enough fuel around. If you need to find wood several kilometers away, you should change the site to light a fire. Fuel burns quickly, often much faster than you think, so prepare more fuel to store near the fire source. Don't forget to see where there is good fuel when you travel in the forest after setting up camp.
The wood that can be burned can usually be divided into softwood and hardwood. Softwood refers to evergreen plants, such as pine trees, which have more oil than surface area, and burn up quickly and easily. Softwood is very good as a fire ignition material. Hardwood refers to deciduous plants. Usually, the wood is hard and not easy to ignite, but once ignited, it will burn stably and persistently. It is a good choice for the main fuel.
Shelter
It is used to protect our bodies from cold, heat, rain, snow, wind, insects, etc. Shelters include shelter and clothing. Experienced field survival experts will consider several layers of shelter before going out.
Clothing
Clothes can sometimes play a decisive role in the survival of the wild, so it cannot be ignored. The selection of clothes is very particular, so as to make it more applicable.
1. Cold and hot
Preserving in the wild can make your body warm. It's good to make a fire when you feel cold, but when your body gets more heat than it loses, you sweat. If you continue like this, sweat will be absorbed by the clothes close to you, which will reduce the warmth retention performance of the clothes.
When your temperature is too much different from the normal temperature, your efficiency will decline. When the body is overheated, people will be irritable, sweat, and lose water and salt.
When the body is too cold, people will consume more calories, both of which are bad.
Therefore, you need to wear more clothes in the wild. When it is hot, take off the cold and keep your temperature normal at any time. The bottom line is to sweat less and keep your body dry. Three to four layers of clothes can meet this requirement.
Matching selection of 2.3 layers of clothes
The first layer of clothing is close to the body, which needs to be able to quickly absorb the moisture emitted by the body, that is, it has good permeability. This layer of clothing also needs comfort.
The second layer of clothes is used for heat insulation. It needs to be able to retain warm air. The role of this layer of clothes is to protect your body in a constant temperature environment.
The third layer is the wind shield, which prevents the air drill from entering. The third layer is the outermost layer, which should also be waterproof. It is wrong to think that everything is ready just by wearing a trench coat.
3. When do you take off your clothes?
For example, when you go hiking in cold weather, you will feel very hot because of the amount of exercise. It's easy for your body to get cold when you stop, especially when you are sweating. Never wear clothes when you feel cold. When the weather is warm and you want to start exercising a lot, don't wait until it's too hot to take off your clothes.
sanctuary
The place where the shelter is built
Choose the most suitable place to build a shelter, and what place is suitable? It is dry and firm, and there are enough leaves and grass nearby. The drier it is, the warmer it is in places with more fluffy things like leaves and grass.
Shelter framework
Generally, the frame of shelters is V-shaped. The smaller the interior, the better. There are two reasons: First, the smaller the interior is, the less materials you need to collect. Survival is based on survival, not luxury. The less physical energy you need to survive, the better. Don't kill yourself to build a palace structure that can be built in and out.
Second, and most importantly, the smaller the interior, the easier it will be to warm up the whole interior. When you live in the wild, your body is its heat source. You can also use small candles or something.
Adiabatic method
Look for more leaves, grass and pine needles. The drier the better. Add these fluffy things under the body (at least 15cm thick), around and on the outer wall of the shelter.
Heating
Generally, it is warm enough to wear clothes in the shelter. If it is still cold and needs heating, you can build a fire outside it and erect a "wall" on the opposite side of the shelter, so that the heat will be reflected back and forth.
Distress signal
There are many ways to signal. Fire, smoke, flashlight, bright clothes or other brightly colored signs, reflectors, whistles can send out distress or other survival signals. Three consecutive signals or sounds represent a call for help, such as three shots, three whistles
drinking water
No matter where you go for hiking or adventure, you must bring extra food and water. It is good to bring more than expected, which can make you safer and better cope with emergencies.
It is important to know how to preserve food and water in various environments. Water should be replenished in time, because people can not eat for a few days, but they will die if they do not drink water for a few days.
The water in the field needs to be purified before drinking. The main harmful substances in the water source in the field are microorganisms and germs. Using water purifying agent or filter is only the second choice. Boiling is the best way to purify water.
Simple rescue
The first-aid kit in the field must be taken. There is no backup for injuries in the field. Sometimes minor injuries are fatal, so you must take the first-aid kit with you.
