Hulun Buir
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2023-02-01 16:39:50
Hulun Buir
Hulun Buir
The prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is named after the Hulun Lake and Beier Lake in the territory. The south is connected with the Xing'an League, the east is bounded by Nenjiang River and Heilongjiang Province, the north and northwest are bounded by the Erguna River and Russia, and the west and southwest are bounded by Mongolia; The city has jurisdiction over 2 municipal districts, 4 banners and 3 autonomous banners, and 5 county-level cities, with a total area of 253000 square kilometers; By the end of 2021, the permanent resident population of the city was 2.2139 million.
Hulunbeier has a three-dimensional transportation network of railways, highways and aviation. Binzhou Railway and National Highway 301 run through the city. It has two international airports, Hailar and Manzhouli, and has opened more than 50 international and domestic routes to Russia, Mongolia, Beijing, Hohhot, Harbin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc; Adjacent to Russia and Mongolia, it is the only city in China at the junction of China, Russia and Mongolia. It has eight state-level ports including Manchuria and Montenegro. Hulunbeier is an excellent tourism city in China, the only key development area of grassland tourism in the country, and the leading area of national tourism reform and innovation. Hulunbeier Prairie is one of the four major grasslands in the world and one of the 20 scenic spots in China; It has been selected as the national forest city, the top ten ice and snow tourism cities in China, the national logistics hub carrier city, and the national model city (county) for mutual support, sports fitness .
In ancient times, the ancient human beings - the Zhalainoer people multiplied and lived in the area of Hulun Lake, creating the original culture of Hulun Buir.
In the first year of Hu Hai (209 B.C.), the Huns conquered the Donghu people and unified the northern grasslands. Hulunbeier area is under the jurisdiction of Zuoxian Wangting, one of its three territories.
In the first century, the Tuoba Xianbei people living in the area of Oroqen Banner "moved south to Daze" (i.e. Hulun Lake), replacing the rule of the Huns, established the Xianbei Tribal Alliance. Thus, he entered the Central Plains and established the Northern Wei Dynasty. This is the first minority political power in Chinese history.
When the rest of the Shiwei tribe of the Xianbei people and the Uighur, Turkic, Chikas, as well as the Khitan and Nuzhen tribes of the Liao and Jin dynasties successively fought and ruled Hulunbuir, the Mongolian tribes quietly rose in Hulunbuir.
Hulunbeier Cultural Map
In the eighth century, the ancestors of Genghis Khan, who lived on the east bank of the Erguna River, moved to the Kent Mountains, the birthplace of the Urnan River, the Krulun River and the Tula River. In the 12th century, when Genghis Khan stepped on the political stage to unify the Mongolian grassland, he returned to Hulunbeir, where he carried out several major decisive battles, eliminated political enemies, broke the long-term balance of power among several major tribes, and finally unified the Mongolian plateau. Since then, a nationality with common language, region and culture and many common characteristics in economic life has formed on the northern grassland - Mongolia. After the establishment of the Mongol Empire, the system of household separation was implemented.
In the ninth year of the Mongolian Emperor Taizu (1214), Genghis Khan ceded most of the area of the Hulunbuir Grassland to his eldest brother Zhuochi Hasar (the ancient city of Heishantou in Erguna is his hometown), the rest to his second brother Hechiwen Elchi and the Waiqi Dexue Chan family, and the Lingdong region to his younger brother Timurge Uchijin. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the provincial system was established.
In the twenty-fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1288), the vassals of the kings were included in the administrative provinces, the Lingxi area was under the jurisdiction of the Lingbei administrative province and the Linlu Road, and the Lingdong area was under the jurisdiction of the Taining Road, Zhongshu Province and the Liaodong Road, Shanbei, Liaoyang administrative province. After the death of the Yuan Dynasty, the descendants of Genghis Khan retreated to the Mongolian grassland, and the descendants of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty and the descendants of Genghis Khan's eldest brother successively nomaded in the Hulunbuir grassland, until they were attached to the Later Jin Dynasty.
After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, it was under the control of Heilongjiang General. The Butha Eight Banner Soldiers, Soren Eight Banner Soldiers and Balhu Eight Banner Soldiers, which are composed of Ewenki, Daur, Balhu Mongols and Oroqen people, are brave and good at fighting, guarding the border, and have made contributions to preventing the invasion of Russia, ensuring the smoothness of post stations, and maintaining the peace of the border.
The Lingxi region implemented local autonomy from the first year of the Republic of China (1912) to the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), and separated from Heilongjiang Province. After the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), it was restored to the control of the Heilongjiang General, and the Deputy Dutong Yamen was still set up. At the same time, the Office of Aftermath Supervision and Negotiator was set up, and Hulun, Lubin, Shiwei, and Qiqian counties were set up, forming a situation of coexistence and division of flag and county. The Lingdong region also retains the general office of West Butha, and sets up Yalu County and Buxi County, directly under Heilongjiang Province.
During the fall of the Northeast, Lingdong was the eastern province of Xing'an, and Lingxi was the northern province of Xing'an, both of which were directly under the jurisdiction of the puppet Manchukuo.
In August of the thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945), Japan surrendered. In October, the Hulunbeier Autonomous Provincial Government was established in Lingxi and Navenmuren Province was established in Lingdong. In June of the thirty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1946), Navenmuren Province was renamed Navenmuren League and was under the leadership of Xing'an Provincial Government led by the Communist Party of China. In October, Hulunbeier Autonomous Provincial Government was renamed Hulunbeier Autonomous Government. In May of the thirty-sixth year of the Republic of China (1947), the Navenmuren League was under the leadership of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government. On January 1, the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), the Hulunbeier Autonomous Government changed its name to Hulunbeier League, which belongs to the Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
In April 1949, the Hulunbeier League and the Navenmurin League merged and became known as the Hulunbeier Navenmurin League, or the Hulunbeier League for short. The area of Huna League roughly coincides with the area of Hulunbeier City established in 2001.
On April 1, 1953, the Eastern Administrative Office of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, referred to as the Eastern Administrative Office, was established with its office located in Ulanhot. At the same time, the establishment of the original three alliances of Zhelimu, Xing'an and Huna was cancelled. Hailar, Manzhouli and Ulanhot of the former Huna alliance became the municipalities directly under the Central Government of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and their work was entrusted to the Eastern Administration.
Night view of Hulunbeier
Night view of Hulunbeier
On April 30, 1954, the Administrative Office of the Eastern Region was abolished, the original areas under the jurisdiction of the Khingan League and the Huna League were merged, renamed the Hulunbeier League, and the People's Government of the Hulunbeier League was established, as the first-level political power, directly under the leadership of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The League government is located in Hailar City.
On February 21, 1957, the People's Government of Hulunbuir League was renamed the People's Committee of Hulunbuir League. On June 1, 1958, the People's Committee of Hulunbeier League was abolished and changed to an agency of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The administrative office was set up in Hailar City and renamed Hulunbeier League Administrative Office.
On August 20, 1958, the Inner Mongolia Party Committee approved that the city of Ulanhot of Hulunbeir League was incorporated into the Horqin right-wing front banner of Hulunbeir League, which is still known as Ulanhot. On July 20, 1964, it was changed to Ulanhot (town level), under the Horqin right-wing front flag of Hulunbeier League.
In August 1965, the middle flag of the Horqin right wing of Hulunbeier League was transferred to the Zhelimu League (withdrawn from the League and changed to Tongliao City).
On December 20, 1967, the Hulunbeier League Revolutionary Committee was established as a temporary authority to exercise the functions and powers of the former Hulunbeier League Administrative Office.
Hulunbeier City
On July 5, 1969, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to assign Hulunbeier League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to Heilongjiang Province, but the Tuquan County and Horqin Right Front Banner of Hulunbeier League to the jurisdiction of Baicheng District of Jilin Province. Hulunbeier League of Heilongjiang Province governs 2 cities and 12 banners.
In April 1970, the Oroqen Autonomous Banner and Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Hulunbeier League in Heilongjiang Province were under the jurisdiction of the Greater Khingan Mountains.
On May 30, 1979, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to restore the original administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in July 1969, and formally changed the Hulunbeier League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from Hulunbeier League of Heilongjiang Province, the Oroqen Autonomous Banner and the Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner of the Greater Khingan Mountains, the Tuquan County of Baicheng District of Jilin Province, and the Horqin Right Front Banner from July 1.
In July 1980, the organizational system of Xing'an League was restored: the Horqin right-wing front banner was divided into Ulanhot City, and the Horqin right-wing front banner, Zhalaite Banner, Tuquan County, Ulanhot City, and the Horqin right-wing middle banner of Hulunbeier League were divided into Xing'an League. In the same year, the Hulunbeier League Revolutionary Committee was revoked and the Hulunbeier League Administrative Office was established until 2001, when the League was withdrawn and the city was established. Hulun Buir, a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is located in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is named after Hulun Lake and Beier Lake in the territory. The south is connected with Xing'an League, the east is bounded by Nenjiang River and Heilongjiang Province, the north and northwest are bounded by Erguna River and Russia, and the west and southwest are bounded by Mongolia; The city has jurisdiction over 2 municipal districts, 4 banners and 3 autonomous banners, and 5 county-level cities, with a total area of 253000 square kilometers; By the end of 2021, the permanent resident population of the city was 2.2139 million.
Hulunbeier has a three-dimensional transportation network of railways, highways and aviation. Binzhou Railway and National Highway 301 run through the city. It has two international airports, Hailar and Manzhouli, and has opened more than 50 international and domestic routes to Russia, Mongolia, Beijing, Hohhot, Harbin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc; Adjacent to Russia and Mongolia, it is the only city in China at the junction of China, Russia and Mongolia. It has eight state-level ports including Manchuria and Montenegro. Hulunbeier is an excellent tourism city in China, the only key development area of grassland tourism in the country, and the leading area of national tourism reform and innovation. Hulunbeier Prairie is one of the four major grasslands in the world and one of the 20 scenic spots in China; It has been selected as the national forest city, the top ten ice and snow tourism cities in China, the national logistics hub carrier city, and the national model city (county) for mutual support.
In 2021, the gross regional product of Hulunbeier will reach 135.48 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5% at comparable prices.
History
In ancient times, the ancient human beings - the Zhalainoer people multiplied and lived in the area of Hulun Lake, creating the original culture of Hulun Buir.
In the first year of Hu Hai (209 B.C.), the Huns conquered the Donghu people and unified the northern grasslands. Hulunbeier area is under the jurisdiction of Zuoxian Wangting, one of its three territories.
In the first century, the Tuoba Xianbei people living in the area of Oroqen Banner "moved south to Daze" (i.e. Hulun Lake), replacing the rule of the Huns, established the Xianbei Tribal Alliance. Thus, he entered the Central Plains and established the Northern Wei Dynasty. This is the first minority political power in Chinese history.
When the rest of the Shiwei tribe of the Xianbei people and the Uighur, Turkic, Chikas, as well as the Khitan and Nuzhen tribes of the Liao and Jin dynasties successively fought and ruled Hulunbuir, the Mongolian tribes quietly rose in Hulunbuir.
Hulunbeier Cultural Map
In the eighth century, the ancestors of Genghis Khan, who lived on the east bank of the Erguna River, moved to the Kent Mountains, the birthplace of the Urnan River, the Krulun River and the Tula River. In the 12th century, when Genghis Khan stepped on the political stage to unify the Mongolian grassland, he returned to Hulunbeir, where he carried out several major decisive battles, eliminated political enemies, broke the long-term balance of power among several major tribes, and finally unified the Mongolian plateau. Since then, a nationality with common language, region and culture and many common characteristics in economic life has formed on the northern grassland - Mongolia. After the establishment of the Mongol Empire, the system of household separation was implemented.
In the ninth year of the Mongolian Emperor Taizu (1214), Genghis Khan ceded most of the area of the Hulunbuir Grassland to his eldest brother Zhuochi Hasar (the ancient city of Heishantou in Erguna is his hometown), the rest to his second brother Hechiwen Elchi and the Waiqi Dexue Chan family, and the Lingdong region to his younger brother Timurge Uchijin. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the provincial system was established.
In the twenty-fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1288), the vassals of the kings were included in the administrative provinces, the Lingxi area was under the jurisdiction of the Lingbei administrative province and the Linlu Road, and the Lingdong area was under the jurisdiction of the Taining Road, Zhongshu Province and the Liaodong Road, Shanbei, Liaoyang administrative province. After the death of the Yuan Dynasty, the descendants of Genghis Khan retreated to the Mongolian grassland, and the descendants of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty and the descendants of Genghis Khan's eldest brother successively nomaded in the Hulunbuir grassland, until they were attached to the Later Jin Dynasty.
Night view of Hulunbeier
After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, it was under the control of Heilongjiang General. The Butha Eight Banner Soldiers, Soren Eight Banner Soldiers and Balhu Eight Banner Soldiers, which are composed of Ewenki, Daur, Balhu Mongols and Oroqen people, are brave and good at fighting, guarding the border, and have made contributions to preventing the invasion of Russia, ensuring the smoothness of post stations, and maintaining the peace of the border.
The Lingxi region implemented local autonomy from the first year of the Republic of China (1912) to the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), and separated from Heilongjiang Province. After the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), it was restored to the control of the Heilongjiang General, and the Deputy Dutong Yamen was still set up. At the same time, the Office of Aftermath Supervision and Negotiator was set up, and Hulun, Lubin, Shiwei, and Qiqian counties were set up, forming a situation of coexistence and division of flag and county. The Lingdong region also retains the general office of West Butha, and sets up Yalu County and Buxi County, directly under Heilongjiang Province.
During the fall of the Northeast, Lingdong was the eastern province of Xing'an, and Lingxi was the northern province of Xing'an, both of which were directly under the jurisdiction of the puppet Manchukuo.
In August of the thirty-fourth year of the Republic of China (1945), Japan surrendered. In October, the Hulunbeier Autonomous Provincial Government was established in Lingxi and Navenmuren Province was established in Lingdong. In June of the thirty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1946), Navenmuren Province was renamed Navenmuren League and was under the leadership of Xing'an Provincial Government led by the Communist Party of China. In October, Hulunbeier Autonomous Provincial Government was renamed Hulunbeier Autonomous Government. In May of the thirty-sixth year of the Republic of China (1947), the Navenmuren League was under the leadership of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Government. On January 1, the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), the Hulunbeier Autonomous Government changed its name to Hulunbeier League, which belongs to the Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
In April 1949, the Hulunbeier League and the Navenmurin League merged and became known as the Hulunbeier Navenmurin League, or the Hulunbeier League for short. The area of Huna League roughly coincides with the area of Hulunbeier City established in 2001.
On April 1, 1953, the Eastern Administrative Office of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, referred to as the Eastern Administrative Office, was established with its office located in Ulanhot. At the same time, the establishment of the original three alliances of Zhelimu, Xing'an and Huna was cancelled. Hailar, Manzhouli and Ulanhot of the former Huna alliance became the municipalities directly under the Central Government of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and their work was entrusted to the Eastern Administration.
Night view of Hulunbeier
On April 30, 1954, the Administrative Office of the Eastern Region was abolished, the original areas under the jurisdiction of the Khingan League and the Huna League were merged, renamed the Hulunbeier League, and the People's Government of the Hulunbeier League was established, as the first-level political power, directly under the leadership of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The League government is located in Hailar City.
On February 21, 1957, the People's Government of Hulunbuir League was renamed the People's Committee of Hulunbuir League. On June 1, 1958, the People's Committee of Hulunbeier League was abolished and changed to an agency of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The administrative office was set up in Hailar City and renamed Hulunbeier League Administrative Office.
On August 20, 1958, the Inner Mongolia Party Committee approved that the city of Ulanhot of Hulunbeir League was incorporated into the Horqin right-wing front banner of Hulunbeir League, which is still known as Ulanhot. On July 20, 1964, it was changed to Ulanhot (town level), under the Horqin right-wing front flag of Hulunbeier League.
In August 1965, the middle flag of the Horqin right wing of Hulunbeier League was transferred to the Zhelimu League (withdrawn from the League and changed to Tongliao City).
On December 20, 1967, the Hulunbeier League Revolutionary Committee was established as a temporary authority to exercise the functions and powers of the former Hulunbeier League Administrative Office.
Hulunbeier City
On July 5, 1969, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to assign Hulunbeier League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to Heilongjiang Province, but the Tuquan County and Horqin Right Front Banner of Hulunbeier League to the jurisdiction of Baicheng District of Jilin Province. Hulunbeier League of Heilongjiang Province governs 2 cities and 12 banners.
In April 1970, the Oroqen Autonomous Banner and Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner of Hulunbeier League in Heilongjiang Province were under the jurisdiction of the Greater Khingan Mountains.
On May 30, 1979, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council decided to restore the original administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in July 1969, which will be the Olunchun Autonomous Banner and Molida in Hulunbeier League and Greater Khingan Mountains of Heilongjiang Province
