the Xisha Islands
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2023-02-21 14:09:49
the Xisha Islands
the Xisha Islands
The the Xisha Islands or Paracel Islands (also known as the Paracel Islands), one of the four largest islands in the South China Sea, is composed of the Yongle Islands and the Xuande Islands. It is the largest archipelago in the South China Sea in terms of land area, starting from the North Reef in the north, ending at Pioneer Beach in the south, starting from the West Ferry Beach in the east, and ending at Zhongjian Island in the west. It is under the jurisdiction of Xisha District, Sansha City, Hainan Province， sports fitness .
The Xisha Islands is located between 15 ° 46 ′~17 ° 08 ′ N and 111 ° 11 ′~112 ° 54 ′ E. It is the central link between Chinese Mainland, the Dongsha Islands, Hainan Island, Zhongsha Islands and the Nansha Islands. It is the hub of the South Sea navigation route for China to communicate with the Nanyang Islands, Indochina Peninsula and countries along the Indian Ocean. The administrative center of Sansha City is in Yongxing Island, the Xisha Islands.
The the Xisha Islands are distributed in the sea area of more than 500000 square kilometers. There are 22 islands, 7 sandbanks, 8 atolls, 1 platform reef, and 1 reef beach. The total land area is about 10 square kilometers, and the coastline is 518 kilometers long. Among them, Yongxing Island is the largest, with 3.2 square kilometers (including Shidao), and Shidao is the highest, with an altitude of 15.9 meters. The high spire of Dongdao Atoll is the only volcanic breccia island in the South China Sea.
The the Xisha Islands have been the sacred and inviolable territory of China since ancient times. They were called Jiuru Luozhou (Stone), Qizhou (Ocean), Changsha, and Qianli Changsha in ancient times. The Coral Island was occupied by the Saigon regime in South Vietnam since 1956. On January 17, 1974, the Vietnamese army occupied Ganquan Island and Treasure Island. On January 19-20, 1974, the Xisha War took place. China took advantage of the victory to recover the three islands and completed the recovery.
Jurisdictional governance
In the pre-Qin era, Hainan Island and the South China Sea Islands belonged to the Central Plains Dynasty [5]. In the end of the Qin Dynasty, China's war, the South China Sea lieutenant Zhao Tuo took advantage of the chaos to annex three counties to establish the South Vietnam State. Hainan Island and the South China Sea Islands were under the jurisdiction of the South Vietnam (Guangdong) State.
Detailed Map of the Xisha Islands
In the sixth year of the Yuanding period of the Western Han Dynasty (111 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Fubo, the general of the army Lu Bode and the general of the building ship Yang Puping, to settle the southern Guangdong rebellion, and set up nine prefectures, including Daner, Zhuya, Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Sunan, with Daner and Zhuya on the island of Hainan [8-9].
In the Three Kingdoms era (220-265), the South China Sea was under the jurisdiction of the State of Wu [10-11].
In the third to sixth years of the Sui Daye (607-610), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty set up three counties on Hainan Island, namely Zhuya, Dan'er and Linzhen, and the islands in the South China Sea were under the jurisdiction of Linzhen County. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Yazhou Prefecture was set up in Hainan to take charge of Yazhou, Danzhou and Zhenzhou. The islands in the South China Sea were included in the territory of Yazhou Prefecture and were subordinate to Zhenzhou, officially establishing China's sovereignty over the islands in the South China Sea.
The Song Dynasty inherited the administrative establishment of the Tang Dynasty. The Xisha Islands is under the jurisdiction of Qiongzhou Prefecture. In the second year of Jingyan's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty (1277), in December of the lunar calendar, in order to avoid the pursuit of the Yuan army, Zhao Zhi of Duanzong of the Song Dynasty passed the coasts of Fujian and Guangdong to the Qizhouyang (Xisha Xuande Islands) and lived on the sandbar for more than two months.
The Yuan army carried out patrol activities in the South China Sea, crossing the Xisha Islands and the Nansha Islands.
In the Ming Dynasty, the the Xisha Islands were under the jurisdiction of Wanzhou. In order to ensure the safety of navigation, the Ming Dynasty sent navy to escort and strengthen patrol.
Seven islands in the Xuande Islands
In the Qing Dynasty, it belongs to the sea area of Qiongzhou Prefecture of Guangdong Province and is under the jurisdiction of Wanzhou. In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Li Zhun, the commander of the Guangdong navy, led three ships, Fubo, Guangjin and Chenhang, to patrol the the Xisha Islands, boarded the islands for scientific investigation, mapping, resource survey, naming and erecting monuments among the islands and reefs, and raising flags and firing guns on Yongxing Island. In the 15th year of Daoguang's reign (1835), officials were sent to the Xisha Islands to build towers and erect monuments.
In the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1902), two steles were erected on the North Island of the the Xisha Islands, with the inscription "Inspection and Commemoration" and the inscription "The 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty". In the 34th year of Guangxu (1908), the Qing government, at the request of relevant foreign governments, set up lighthouses in the the Xisha Islands to facilitate ships' navigation in the South China Sea.
In March of the first year of Xuantong (1909), Governor Zhang Renjun of Guangdong set up a preparatory office for the the Xisha Islands to prepare for the operation of the Xisha Islands, and formulated 10 articles of the Outline of Approaches. In April, the staff of the Preparatory Office took Fubo, Guangjin and Chenhang ships from Guangzhou to the Xisha Islands for re exploration.
In the second year of Xuantong (1910), the Qing government drew up 10 articles of the official constitution, and ordered the the Xisha Islands Preparatory Office of the Guangdong Advisory Bureau to send staff to set up a bureau to prepare for the development of Dongsha and Xisha Islands. In the third year of Xuantong (1911), the the Xisha Islands were under the jurisdiction of Ya County, Hainan Island (now Sanya City).
From February 4 to March 2 of the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922), Ya County Government sent officials to survey the North Island, Middle Island, South Island, Tree Island (Zhaoshu Island), Baiyan, Lingzhou Island (East Island), Lv Island, Pen Island (Coral Island) and Du Island of the the Xisha Islands together with businessmen, and map them.
In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), the the Xisha Islands were allocated to Sun Yat sen University by the Guangdong Political Branch. In May, the Department of Civil Affairs of Guangdong Province sent Fang Xin, a member of the committee, to preside over the investigation of the South China Sea Islands. The investigation team led by Shen Pengfei, a professor of Sun Yat sen University, made a 16 day investigation on the the Xisha Islands on the "Hairui" warship, wrote the "Investigation Report on the the Xisha Islands", and drew up a plan for immigration and business development.
In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the Agriculture and Forestry Bureau of Guangdong Provincial Government established the Dongsha Island Management Office. In April, Guangdong Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Construction Bureau sent Liang Quan, director of the Dongsha Island Marine Products Management Office, and his technicians and employees to visit Dongsha Island on a cruise ship to formulate a development plan.
In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the Guangdong authorities sent a warship to patrol the the Xisha Islands.
In July of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), France sent the "Indian ** Guard" to illegally occupy the coral island of the the Xisha Islands.
In March of the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), Japanese troops invaded and occupied the Xisha Islands and the Nansha Islands. On April 9, the Japanese Governor's Office in Taiwan issued a communiqu é stating that the Dongsha Islands, Xisha Islands and the Nansha Islands had been "incorporated" into the territory of the Japanese Empire and were under the jurisdiction of Kaohsiung County, Taiwan.
In the 35th year of the Republic of China (1946), after the end of the Second World War, in accordance with the spirit of the Cairo Declaration of 1943 and the Potsdam Proclamation of July 1945, the Navy Headquarters of the Government of the Republic of China sent two ships, "Yongxing" and "Zhongjian", to the the Xisha Islands under the command of the deputy commander of the fleet, Yao Ruyu, and named "Yongxing Island" and "Zhongjian Island" after "Yongxing Island" and "Zhongjian Island", In November, the "Memorial for the Navy's Recovery of the the Xisha Islands" was erected at the Yongxing Island dock. Zhang Junran, a captain and staff officer of the Maritime Department of the Naval Command, was appointed as the first director of the management office of the Navy's the Xisha Islands. The Marine Corps of the Republic of China garrisons Yongxing Island.
On December 1, the 36th year of the Republic of China (1947), the Ministry of the Interior re examined the names of Dongsha Islands, Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands, the Nansha Islands and their respective islands, reefs, sands, beaches, officially published the "Comparison Table of New and Old Names of South China Sea Islands", and again declared that Dongsha Islands, Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands, and the Nansha Islands would be under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Provincial Government.
In the 38th year of the Republic of China (1949), after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese government continued to exercise sovereignty over the southwest the Zhongsha Islands and their sea areas.
On May 13, 1950, the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered Yongxing Island in Xisha.
On March 24, 1959, "the Xisha Islands, the Nansha Islands, the Zhongsha Islands and the Dongsha Islands Offices" were set up in Yongxing Island, the Xisha Islands.
On March 4, 1969, it was renamed the "Xisha, Zhongsha and the Nansha Islands Revolutionary Committee of Guangdong Province".
From January 15 to 20, 1974, the People's Liberation Army conducted a self-defense counterattack against the Saigon authorities of South Vietnam who invaded the waters of the the Xisha Islands, and fully recovered the the Xisha Islands.
Office building of Qilianyu Management Committee, Sansha City
On October 22, 1981, with the approval of the State Council, the "the Xisha Islands, the Nansha Islands and the Zhongsha Islands Offices" were restored in Yongxing Island, under the direct leadership of the Hainan Administrative Region Office.
In 1988, Hainan became a province, and its jurisdiction covers 19 cities and counties in Hainan Island, islands and reefs of the Xisha Islands, the Nansha Islands, and the Zhongsha Islands, as well as their sea areas. On September 19, it was renamed "the Xisha Islands, the Nansha Islands and the Zhongsha Islands Office in Hainan Province". It still follows the administrative setup system equivalent to the county level agency, and the office is still located in Yongxing Island, the Xisha Islands.
On June 21, 2012, the State Council of China approved the establishment of Sansha City in Hainan Province, which governs the islands, reefs and sea areas of the the Xisha Islands, the Zhongsha Islands and the Nansha Islands.
On July 22, 2014, the neighborhood committee of Ganquan Community in Sansha City was officially established, marking that all the inhabited islands and reefs in the Xisha Islands in Sansha City have established mass self-government organizations.
On April 18, 2020, the State Council recently approved the establishment of Xisha District and Nansha District in Sansha City, Hainan Province. Xisha District of Sansha City governs the islands, reefs and sea areas of the the Xisha Islands.
