U.S.A
Views : 595
2023-03-31 14:57:22
U.S.A
U.S.A
The United States of America, abbreviated as the United States, is the capital of Washington. Located in central North America, it borders Canada to the north, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Most regions have a continental climate, while the southern region has a subtropical climate. The terrain is generally high in the west and low in the east. Natural resources are abundant, and the total proved reserves of mineral resources rank first in the world. With a total area of 9.37 million square kilometers and a coastline of 22680 kilometers, the United States is divided into 50 states and one district (the District of Columbia), with 3143 counties. As of August 15, 2021, the total population of the United States was approximately 333 million, with non Hispanic whites accounting for 57.8%. Most residents believed in Christianity and Catholicism, and spoke English generally.
The United States was originally inhabited by Indians. At the end of the 15th century, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and Britain began to immigrate to North America. By 1773, Britain had established 13 colonies. In 1775, the War of Independence broke out. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was adopted, officially proclaiming the establishment of the United States of America. In 1787, the Federal Constitution was enacted, with slave states in the south and free states in the north. After the Civil War ended in 1865, the United States began to fully implement capitalism. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the territory expanded almost tenfold，sports fitness .
The United States is a highly developed modern country, with its GDP ranking first in the world, and has the largest and most developed modern market economy in the world. Industrial production remained stable, and high-tech industries such as information and biology developed rapidly. The United States has a sound legal system, a complete market system, a good business environment, and well-developed infrastructure. It is firmly leading the world in terms of market capacity, technological strength, educational innovation, and labor productivity. In 2021, the GDP of the United States was $23 trillion. The United States is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and a member of international organizations such as NATO, WTO, and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization. Its political, diplomatic, economic, cultural, and other fields have strong influence on the world.
Breaking up diplomatic ties, alliance, TA said
Why are the United States and Iran now deadly enemies?
In 1979, the Balavi dynasty in Iran was overthrown by the "Islamic Revolution" led by Khomeini. Iran has transformed from a secular state into a state of political and religious unity. In 1981, Iran and the United States formally severed diplomatic ties due to the issue of King Balevi and the issue of diplomats, and their relations became hostile. So, how did the relationship between Iran and the United States change from pro ally to enemy details
Content from
The United States of America, Pittsburgh and other national days July 4, 1776 (Independence Day) National anthem "The Star Spangled Banner" (The Star Spangled Banner) National code USA Official language English [currency US dollar time zone UTC-4 to UTC-12 political system Presidential republican national leaders Joseph Biden (President in Chief), Camara Harris (Vice President) Population: about 333 million (as of August 15, 2021) Population density: 36.3 people/km2 (2021) Major ethnic groups: European Americans, Latinos, African Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, major religions: Protestants, Catholics, Mormons, and Judaism, with a land area of 9370000 km ² Water area ratio: 6.76% GDP: 23 trillion US dollars (2021) GDP per capita: 69221 US dollars (2021) International telephone area code: 1 International domain name abbreviation: us Road traffic: Right drive Central Bank: The main institutions of the Federal Reserve System: the Ivy League, eight universities, etc. Human development index: 0.920 (15th, extremely high, 2018) National motto: "God bless the country, everyone is a national flower, national bird rose, whiteheaded sea eagle celebrity George Washington Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Roosevelt, Michael Jackson Legal System Common Law
American history
Early civilization
More than 40000 years ago, the ancestors of Indians traveled through Asia to North America, then to Central and South America; When Christopher Columbus arrived in what he believed to be the New World, there were about 30 million Indians living in America. There are about 1.5 million Indians living in the United States and Canada; The composition of these indigenous peoples varies greatly in terms of genetics, language, and society; It is estimated that in the 15th century, there were at least 400 unrelated and distinctive cultural forms north of the Rio Grande, with a variety of human body types and language families.
About 10000 years ago, another group of Asians migrated to northern North America, later known as the Eskimos. The first white people to arrive in America are probably Vikings, and some believe they visited the east coast of North America 1000 years ago.
Colonial period
In 1607, a colonial group of about 100 people established Jamestown on Kishabik Beach, the first permanent British colony in North America. In the next 150 years, a large number of colonists came to settle in coastal areas, most of them from Britain, but also some from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Italy, and other countries. European immigrants took over Indian lands on a large scale by slaughtering Indians on a large scale, seizing their possessions, and occupying their lands on a large scale.
In November 1620, the first Pilgrims sailed into Plymouth Harbor in New England on the Mayflower. In order to create a civil and autonomous society different from Europe, they signed an extremely important political contract, the Mayflower Convention, which laid the foundation of the United States.
In the mid 18th century, 13 British colonies gradually took shape, with their respective governments and parliaments under the highest sovereignty of Britain. The differences in climate and geographical environment in these 13 colonies have resulted in differences in economic forms, political systems, and concepts across the region.
war of independence
In the mid 18th century, there was a rift between the British colonies in the Americas and Britain. With the continuous expansion of the colonies, they gradually became aware of the seriousness of the situation, and thus initiated the idea of independence. In 1773, the Boston Tea Dumping Incident was launched against the dumping of British colonialists.
In 1774, representatives from 13 states gathered in Philadelphia to hold the First Continental Congress, hoping to resolve the issue peacefully with Britain. However, the British King insisted that the colonies must unconditionally submit to the British King and accept punishment. In 1775, the war was ignited in Lexington, Massachusetts, and the North American War of Independence broke out.
On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, forming the "Continental Army", with George Washington as commander in chief. The Declaration of Independence was adopted, officially announcing the establishment of the United States of America. This day (July 4th) is also known as the National Day in the United States.
In February 1778, Benjamin Franklin successfully persuaded the Bourbon dynasty to sign a military alliance treaty between France and the United States, and France officially recognized the United States. France, Spain, and the Netherlands joined the war one after another.
In 1781, the Battle of Yorktown won a decisive victory for the US military. Since then, except for several engagements at sea and sporadic battles on land, the fighting on the mainland of North America has basically stopped.
George Washington and the American War of Independence
In 1787, the Federal Assembly was held in Philadelphia, and Washington was elected chairman. The meeting decided that the national government has the power to tax, coin money, adjust commerce, declare war, and conclude treaties. At the same time, it adopts the Montesquieu principle of separation of powers, and the legislative, executive, and judicial organs check and balance each other.
From 1812 to 1815, Britain invaded the newly established United States again, known as the Second American War of Independence. After the war, American states became more united.
westward movement
The territorial expansion of the United States
The United States acquired land on the east bank of the Mississippi River in 1783, acquired Louisiana from Napoleon in 1803, seized Florida from Spain in 1819, acquired Texas, New Mexico, Oregon, and California through the American Mexican War in 1845-1853, purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867, and annexed the Hawaiian Islands in 1898.
Since the early 19th century, the territorial expansion of the United States has attracted foreign immigrants, constantly migrating westward across the Appalachian Mountains to the west coast, participating in transportation construction and developing agriculture and animal husbandry, exploiting a large number of natural resources, and promoting the industrialization process of the United States. The negative impact was that the westward movement expelled and eliminated native Indians, also known as the Road of Blood and Tears.
Civil War
The gradually intensifying contradiction between the industrial bourgeoisie of the northern United States and the slave owners of the southern plantations led to the outbreak of the Civil War. The focus on both sides is the abolition of slavery. In order to maintain the slavery system, the southern slave states hindered the economic development of the north. The policies supported by the Northern Free States hindered the interests of southern planters.
American Civil War
In the early 1860s, 11 southern states seceded from the Union and formed the United States of America; The North stated that it would pay all costs for reunification.
On April 12, 1861, southern plantation owners instigated a civil war on the grounds that Lincoln became president of the United States, and the civil war broke out. This is a bloody war in which Americans face to face. As the South was well prepared before the war, the North was at a disadvantage in the early stages of the war. By 1863, Lincoln had promulgated the "Declaration on the Liberation of Black Slaves" and the "Homestead Law", and in his Gettysburg speech, he had proposed "of the people", "by the people", and "for the people". The north reversed the unfavorable situation.
On April 9, 1865, the southern government ended in failure. This victory not only restored the unity of the United States, but also abolished slavery throughout the country. On April 15th, President Lincoln was assassinated and killed at the Ford Theater.
Transformation and development
In the early 19th century, the United States began industrialization, and after the Civil War entered a mature stage. In less than 50 years from the Civil War to the First World War, the United States changed from a rural republic to an urbanized country. The nearly 30 years from 1890 to 1917 are known as the progressive period.
In 1914, the First World War broke out; In 1917, the United States was embroiled in the vortex of war and tried to play a new role in the world.
In 1929, there was the Great Depression of Capitalism, which affected not only the United States, but also countries around the world. The economic panic caused millions of workers to lose their jobs, a large number of farmers were forced to abandon their farmland, factories and stores closed, banks closed, and a depression ensued.
In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945) was elected President and fully implemented the "Roosevelt New Deal", which took government intervention in the market as the main means. He advocated that the government should take action to end the economic panic, and subsequently introduced a series of policies to temporarily solve many difficulties. However, the American economy did not recover until after the Second World War.
In 1939, the Second World War broke out. On December 7th, 1941, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered the war and became the main force in the Pacific battlefield.
After World War II, with the defeat of the Axis Powers and the decline of the strength of Britain and France, the United States and the Soviet Union became superpowers, and the world was divided into two camps, the East and the West. The United States and the Soviet Union and their respective camps have faced comprehensive confrontations in military, political, economic, and propaganda fields, just as in wartime, known as the "Cold War" in history.
In 1950, the Korean War broke out, and the US military joined the war and engaged in war with the newly established Volunteer Army of the People's Republic of China. The war ended with the signing of a truce agreement between the two sides along the 38th Line. After the war, the cold war gradually escalated.
In 1962, the Cuban missile crisis brought the panic caused by the cold war to its peak. In 1969, Apollo 11 first sent humans to the moon, and the United States gradually surpassed the Soviet Union in the space race.
In the mid-1960s, the Vietnam War broke out, and many Americans began to resent the government's foreign policy. Anti war marches were accompanied by various civil rights movements. In addition, due to the development of industry and the concentration of population, the pollution of the ecological environment received widespread attention in the late 1960s. In the early 1970s, the economic depression caused by the energy crisis was the most severe in history. In the mid-1970s, the United States economy once recovered, but in the late 1970s, there was inflation.
In 1976, the 200th anniversary of the founding of the United States was celebrated throughout the country. Due to its comprehensive advantages in global politics, military affairs, economy, highly developed science and technology, the United States ultimately brought down the Soviet Union in the Cold War. In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, and the United States won the final victory of the Cold War. The bipolar pattern was gradually replaced by the new international situation of one superpower and multiple powers, and the United States became the only superpower.
On October 7, 2001, the United States launched the Afghan War in the name of counter-terrorism. In February 2020, the United States government signed an agreement with the Taliban promising to withdraw from Afghanistan by May 2021. In July 2021, Biden stated that the US military mission in Afghanistan would end on August 31. On the evening of August 30th, a US military transport plane carrying the last batch of US soldiers took off from Kabul Airport. The end of the 20 year war in Afghanistan, the longest war in American history (cost: 2461 US troops killed, more than 20000 US troops injured, and over $2 trillion in spending). On August 31, 2021, President Biden of the United States stated at the White House that ending the war in Afghanistan was the right decision and that the United States would continue to carry out counter-terrorism operations
