Puerto Rico
Views : 595
2023-03-31 15:07:39
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (English: The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Spanish: Estado Libre Asiado de Puerto Rico), referred to as Puerto Rico, is located in the eastern part of the Greater Antilles Islands in the Caribbean Sea. Including Puerto Rico and small islands such as Vieques and Culevra. It faces the Atlantic Ocean in the north, the Caribbean Sea in the south, the United States Virgin Islands and the British Islands across water in the east, and the Dominican Republic across the Mona Strait in the west. The capital is San Juan.
As an autonomous region of the United States, Puerto Ricans are United States citizens who do not participate in the presidential election of the United States, but have the right to elect a non voting commissioner of the United States House of Representatives.
As of 2018, Puerto Rico has a land area of 9104 square kilometers and a population of 3659007. Among them, Puerto Ricans accounted for 76.2%，sports fitness .
The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ² The area under its jurisdiction is San Juan on the northern coast of government residences such as Mayagues and Ponce. The phone area code is+1-787, and+1-939. The climate is tropical rainforest. The population is 3.659 million (2018). The famous scenic spot Caya de Multo Beach Guayataca Forest and other major cities, such as Mayagues, Ponce, San Juan, and the University of Puerto Rico, Sistema University domain names. us,. pr Official languages: Spanish, English.
Historical evolution
Puerto Rico was originally inhabited by the Taino tribe of Indians.
In November 1493, Christopher Columbus sailed here and named it San Juan in honor of John the Baptist.
In 1508, the Spaniard J. Ponce de Leon established a colonial stronghold on the island and was appointed governor the following year.
In 1509, it became a Spanish colony. The original indigenous Indians on the island became slaves and were driven to work on farms and gold mines.
In 1509, the administrative center of Puerto Rico was completed. In 1521, the local government changed the name of the island to Puerto Rico, and its capital was renamed San Juan.
In 1511, the Taino people, led by their leader Guaibana, launched an uprising, which was suppressed by the colonial authorities, and 6000 Indians were massacred.
In the mid 16th century, the Taino people were wiped out, and colonists brought black people from Africa to serve as slaves and grow sugar cane. Since then, Puerto Rico has been harassed by pirates and attacked by countries such as Britain, France, and the Netherlands.
geographical position
In the mid 18th century, with the increasing number of immigrants and black slaves, coffee became the main export material.
On September 23, 1869, the people of Puerto Rico, under the leadership of R. Emetrio Bettences, held an uprising in the town of Lares (historically known as the "Lares Call"). On the 24th, they announced the establishment of a republic, which was later suppressed by the Spanish colonial forces. After a long struggle, Puerto Rico was finally granted local autonomy by Spain. However, there was only one year between this time and the time when the island became an American colony after the Spanish-American War. [5]
In 1898, the Spanish-American War broke out, and Spain was defeated. According to the Treaty of Paris, Puerto Rico was ceded to the United States. The administrative jurisdiction of the United States over Puerto Rico first took the form of a military government. During its two-year governance of the island, the military government established schools, roads, railways, hospitals, and health facilities. In 1900, the United States Congress established civilian control of the island. The Governor, the Cabinet, and one of the two houses of the Puerto Rican legislature are appointed by the President of the United States. Puerto Ricans elect the other chamber of the legislature and a commissioner in the capital, who will represent the interests of the island in Washington and have a voice but no vote in Congress. Puerto Ricans are also exempt from United States taxes.
In 1917, the United States Congress passed the Jones Act, imposing "American citizenship" on the people of Puerto Rico.
In 1937, the leader of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party in Puerto Rico, P. Alvisu Campos, launched an independent uprising in Ponce, but was again suppressed.
In 1947, the United States Congress allowed the Governor to be elected.
On November 1, 1950, the assassination of the President of the United States by the national heroes of Puerto Rico, Oscar Corazo, and Grizzly Toresola, failed. Other Puerto Rican nationalists opened fire in the corridors of the House of Representatives, wounding several House members.
On October 30, 1950, the people of Puerto Rico reared and rebelled again, announcing the establishment of the Republic of Puerto Rico. On October 31, it failed, and more than 100 people were arrested.
In 1952, the United States granted Puerto Rico the status of a free federal state, exercising autonomy, but important sectors such as diplomacy, defense, and tariffs were still controlled by the United States.
Since 1972, the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization has repeatedly reaffirmed the inalienable right of the Puerto Rican people to self-determination and independence.
In 1977, President Gerald Rudolf Ford of the United States submitted the 1977 Puerto Rico State Act to Congress, advocating that Puerto Rico be transformed into the 51st state of the United States.
In November 1982, President Ronald Wilson Reagan issued a statement supporting Puerto Rico as a state of the United States.
In November 1993, Puerto Rico again held a referendum on its relationship with the United States, and the majority still advocated maintaining the free federal status of the United States.
On November 6, 2012, Puerto Rico held its fourth referendum again. The referendum consists of two rounds of voting. In the first round, Puerto Ricans voted on "whether they want to change the status quo in their relations with the United States.". 1.8 million people are eligible to vote, 65000 people have abandoned the first round of voting, and 54% of those who voted support changing relationships. Subsequently, Puerto Ricans chose how to make changes, with three options for voters to choose from: "becoming a state of the United States," "expanding autonomy," and "fully independent.". In this round of voting, only 1.3 million people voted, with 61% of the population supporting becoming the 51st state in the United States, about 33% hoping to expand autonomy, while only 5% favor full independence.
On June 11, 2017, Puerto Rico held its fifth referendum on its status relationship with the United States on local time. According to the National Broadcasting Corporation of the United States, Puerto Rico voted in favor of applying to the United States Congress to "become the 51st state of the United States.". In this referendum, Puerto Ricans have three options: to become the 51st state of the United States; Maintain the status quo; Internal autonomy or independence in free association with the United States. However, analysts predict that the United States Congress will not "straighten out" Puerto Rico.
natural environment
Puerto Rico covers an area of 9104 square kilometers, with mountains and hills accounting for 3/4 of the island's area. The Central Mountain ranges from east to west, with the terrain extending from the center to all sides, from high to low. The coastal area is a plain. The highest peak, Pengta Mountain, is 1338 meters above sea level. It has a tropical rainforest climate with sufficient rainfall, with an average temperature of 24 ℃ in January and 27 ℃ in July. Vulnerable to hurricanes, with an annual average temperature of 28 ℃.
Editing and broadcasting of administrative divisions
Puerto Rico is divided into seven districts: Aguardia, Arecivo, Guayama, Umako, Mayagues, Ponce, and San Juan. The capital and largest city is San Juan on the northern coast.
Population and nationality
Puerto Ricans are the collective term for the inhabitants of American Puerto Rico in the Caribbean region of Central America. About 3.659 million (2018). Spanish and English are commonly spoken. Many believe in Catholicism. The earliest inhabitants of Puerto Rico were Arawak and Caribbean Indians. In 2012, white people of European descent accounted for approximately 73% of the total population, mixed race people accounted for 23%, and black people accounted for 4%. There are also over 20000 Americans and immigrants from other countries. Of the economically independent population, 20% are engaged in industry, 17.2% in commerce, 7.3% in agriculture, 17% in construction and transportation, and 33.7% in service industries. Puerto Rican nationals are fully United States citizens who have the right to vote in national elections after emigrating to the United States.
Politics
regime
According to the Constitution enacted by the United States in 1952, the Governor is the Chief Executive, elected for a four-year term, and has a Council of Ministers. The United States Congress has the power to repeal laws passed by the Puerto Rican Congress. Parliament is divided into two chambers: the Senate and the House. The island elects local commissioners to reside in the United States Congress, but can only vote on House committees.
party
There are three major political parties: the People's Democratic Party, the New Progressive Party, and the Puerto Rican Independence Party. Polish citizens have no right to vote for the US president and can only participate in the bipartisan primary elections.
Political dignitaries
San Juan
The current Governor, Alejandro Garcia Padilla, is the People's Democratic Party. Born in Puerto Rico on August 3, 1971, he received a bachelor's degree in political science and economics from the University of Puerto Rico and a law degree from the Pan American University of Puerto Rico. Professional lawyers. He has served as an assistant judge of the Court of Appeal and a law professor at the Pan American University of Puerto Rico. From 2005 to 2007, he served as Minister of Consumer Affairs in Poland. In 2008, he was elected Senator Bo. President of the People's Democratic Party since April 2011. He was elected Governor of Poland in November 2012 and took office in January 2013.
