Canada
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2023-04-03 13:57:04
Canada
Canada
Canada (English/French: Canada), the capital city of Ottawa, is located in northern North America. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, Alaska to the northwest, the United States to the south, and the Arctic Ocean to the north. The climate is mostly subtropical coniferous forest climate and humid continental climate, while the northern polar region has a polar long cold climate. The national landform is high in the west and low in the east, with rich mineral resources. The reserves of metallic and non-metallic minerals are among the top in the world. The total area is 9980000 square kilometers, with a coastline of about 240000 kilometers. The country is divided into 10 provinces and 3 regions. As of July 2022, Canada has a total population of 38.92 million people, mainly of European descent such as English and French. English and French are both official languages， sports fitness .
Canada was originally inhabited by Indians and Inuit. In the early 17th century, it was reduced to a French colony and later ceded to England. On July 1, 1867, Britain merged the provinces of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into a federal state, becoming the earliest autonomous dominion in Britain. Since then, other provinces have successively joined the Federation. In 1926, Britain recognized Canada's "equal status" and Canada gained diplomatic independence. In 1931, it became a member of the Commonwealth, and its parliament also obtained equal legislative power with the British Parliament, but still had no constitutional power. In 1982, the Queen of England signed the "Canadian Constitutional Act", which gave the Canadian Parliament full power to establish and amend the Constitution.
Canada is one of the most developed economies in the world, with developed manufacturing, high-tech industries, and service industries. Resource industries, primary manufacturing, and agriculture are the main pillars of the national economy, with sustained and stable economic growth. Canada is the United Nations (UN), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WBG), World Trade Organization (WTO), Group of Seven (G7), Group of Twenty (G20), and APEC
(APEC) Member States. In 2021, Canada's GDP was $2090 billion.
Chinese Name Canada Foreign Name Canada Province North American Capital Ottawa Major Cities Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, etc. National Day July 1st National Anthem "Oh! Canada" National Code CAN Official Language English, French Currency Canadian Dollar Time Zone UTC-3.5 to UTC-8 Political System Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy National Leader Mary Simon (Governor) Justin Trudeau (Prime Minister) has a population of 38.92 million (July 2022) with a population density of 3.89 people per square kilometer (July 2022). The main ethnic groups are Anglo Canadians, French Canadians, Indians, Inuit, and the main religions are Catholicism (45%) and Protestantism (36%). The land area is 9980000 km ² Land area 9090000 km ² Water area ratio 8.92% (2019) International phone area code 1 International domain name abbreviation. ca Road access, right driving, national bird, gray noise, crow, national flower, sugar, maple flower (red maple leaf), GDP of C $2090 billion (2021), GDP per capita of C $54000 (2021)
Historical evolution
Scenery of Canada
Canada used to be a place of residence for Indians and Inuit.
In the 16th century, the French dreamed of discovering and ruling more territories, expanding their trade scope, and making countries around the world believe in their beliefs.
In 1535, then King Francois I of France ordered the navigator Jacques Kartier to explore the "New World" in order to find a passage to India. Cartier made his first expedition to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. At this time, he did not know what he would find here, but he hoped that this was a branch of the ocean and a necessary path for his journey to the Far East. So he went upstream along the St. Lawrence River. However, he did not reach the desired Asia, but instead came to Qu é bec, which the local Indians called "Stadakona.". Two Indian youths told Jacques Cartier the route to "kanata," referring to Canada, a name that lasted until the early 17th century.
St. Lawrence Bay Location
The word "Canada" originates from the Indian word "Canada", meaning "community" or "village.". When Cartier reported to the King of France, he first used the word "Canada" to refer to Quebec where he had arrived. By 1616, although the entire region had been named la Nouvelle France, the land along the Canadian River and the Gulf of St. Lawrence was still known as Canada.
From the 16th century onward, Canada became a French and British colony.
In 1583, the British Sir Humphrey Gilbert established a settlement in St. John's, now Newfoundland, and declared it the first British colony in North America.
In 1611, the British explorer and navigator Henry Hudson sailed to Hudson Bay, as in present-day Ontario, and declared it British property.
By 1620, fishermen from the Westshire region of England had taken control of most of the eastern coast of Newfoundland.
Between 1756 and 1763, the "Seven Year War" between Britain and France broke out in Canada, and France was defeated. In 1763, the Paris Pact officially made Canada a British colony.
In 1791, when Quebec was divided into Upper Canada and Lower Canada colonies, the term "Canada" was first officially used. In 1841, Canada was reunified and became the Province of Canada.
In 1867, Britain merged the provinces of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into a single federation, becoming the earliest autonomous dominion in Britain. Since then, other provinces have successively joined the Federation.
In 1926, Britain recognized Canada's "equal status", and Canada was granted diplomatic independence.
In 1931, Canada became a member of the Commonwealth, and its parliament also obtained equal legislative power with the British Parliament, but still had no constitutional power.
In 1967, the Quebec People's Party raised the question of Quebec's independence, and in 1976, the party won the provincial elections.
In 1980, Quebec held a referendum on independence, with the majority of opponents, but the issue was not finally resolved.
In 1982, the Queen of England signed the Canadian Constitutional Act, which gave the Canadian Parliament full power to establish and amend the Constitution. In the second half of the 20th century, some French speaking residents of Quebec requested independence, but in two referendums (1980 and 1995), the independent party narrowly lost 40% and 49.4% of the votes. After that, Canada amended the relevant laws to clarify the provisions of the Act, which provided that when the issues raised in the referendum in Quebec were sufficiently clear and supported by a clear majority, Quebec could conduct a consultative process with the Canadian government to secede from the Federation.
In March 1982, the House of Lords and the House of Commons of the United Kingdom passed the "Canadian Constitution Bill". In April of the same year, the bill was approved by the Queen and entered into force. Since then, Canada has obtained all the power to legislate and amend the Constitution.
On April 17, 1982, the Canadian Parliament adopted a new constitution, which was approved by the British Parliament to repeal the old constitution. Canada renamed the Autonomous Territory Day on July 1 as Canada Day, and Canada became de facto independent from Britain. When the Federation was established, the new country was named Canada.
geographical environment
Regional Location
Canada is located in the northern half of North America, between about 41 ° to 83 ° north latitude and 52 ° to 141 ° west longitude. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, Alaska to the northwest, the United States to the south, and the Arctic Ocean to the north. Canada has a land area of 9.985 million square kilometers, ranking second only to Russia in terms of overall area, with a land area of 9.094 million square kilometers and a freshwater coverage area of 891000 square kilometers. In the east-west direction, Canada starts from Cape Spear, Newfoundland, in the east, and ends at the border between Alaska and Canada in the west, with a linear distance of about 5360 kilometers. In the north-south direction, the southernmost point of the land is Midell Island on Lake Erie, and the northernmost point is Columbia Point on Ellesmere Island, with a linear distance of 4640 kilometers. [7]
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Canada
topographic features
In the east of Canada, there is the low Labrador Plateau, and in the southeast, there are Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario among the five Great Lakes. Together with Lake Michigan in the United States, the St. Lawrence River is formed, sandwiched between the St. Lawrence Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains, forming a river valley with flat terrain and multiple basins. In the west, there are the Rocky Mountains of the Cordillera Mountains, with many peaks above 4000 meters above sea level. The highest mountain, Logan Peak, is located in the western Rocky Mountains at an altitude of 5951 meters. The Arctic archipelago region is mostly hilly and low mountains, and is covered with ice and snow due to the influence of the polar climate. The central part is composed of the Great Plains and the Lorentgen Low Plateau, covering an area of about half of the country.
climate
The northern part of Canada is located in high latitudes and has long and cold winters, while most areas in the south have distinct four seasons. Spring is the rainy season in most parts of southern Canada, with average daytime temperatures rising day by day, but still relatively cold at night. Summer usually begins in July, and the climate in southern Canada is warm in summer. During the day, the temperature usually exceeds 20 ℃, and sometimes even reaches 30 ℃. From the end of September to October, it enters autumn, with variable temperatures. In winter, most areas are covered with ice and snow, and the temperature is usually below 0 ℃. In some northern areas, the minimum temperature can reach - 60 ℃.
natural resources
Canada is rich in forest resources, with a forest area of 347 million hectares, ranking third in the world, behind Russia and Brazil, accounting for 9% of the world's forest coverage. Approximately 240 million hectares are available timber forests, of which 68% are coniferous (softwood) forests, 15.5% are mixed forests, and 10.5% are broadleaf forests. An additional 94% of the forest is publicly owned, while the remaining 6% is privately owned. The total timber storage is approximately 44.65 billion cubic meters.
