Slovenia
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2023-04-25 11:15:49
Slovenia
Slovenia
The Republic of Slovenia, abbreviated as Slovenia, is located in central southern Europe at the northwest end of the Balkan Peninsula. To the west is Italy, to the north is Austria and Hungary, to the east and south is Croatia, and to the southwest is the Adriatic Sea. The coastline is 46.6 kilometers long. The land area is 20300 square kilometers. Tregrave Peak is the highest mountain in the country, with an elevation of 2864 meters. The most famous lake is Lake Brad. The climate is divided into mountain climate, continental climate and Mediterranean climate. The average temperature in summer is 21.3 ℃, the average temperature in winter is -0.6 ℃, and the annual average temperature is 10.7 ℃. The country is divided into 12 regions, with a total of 212 municipal administrative units, and the capital is Ljubljana. In 2022, Slovenia had a population of 2.11 million， sports fitness .
From the 9th to the early 20th century, Slovenia remained under the rule of the Habsburg dynasty in Austria. In December 1918, Slovenia joined forces with Serbia and Croatia to establish the Kingdom of Serbia Croatia Slovenia, which was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929. In 1945, it became a constituent republic of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. Independence was declared on June 25, 1991. Joined NATO in March 2004 and joined the European Union on May 1 of the same year. On December 21, 2007, it officially joined the European Schengen Area.
Slovenia has a good industrial and technological foundation, a modern economy and industrial structure, and certain advantages in fields such as automotive manufacturing, high-tech, electrical, pharmaceutical, etc. Joined the eurozone on January 1, 2007. The main economic data for 2021 are as follows: Gross Domestic Product: 52 billion euros. Per capita GDP: 25000 euros. Gross domestic product growth rate: 8.1%.
Historical records
Why is Slovenia the most developed country in Yugoslavia?
Yugoslavia was once a multi-ethnic country located in the Balkans in the 20th century. It was established after the end of World War I and transformed into a socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The participating countries included Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Northern Macedonia. In the 1990s, there was a drastic change in Eastern Europe, and the Yugoslav Federation was unable to escape, disintegrating into several sovereign states. However, the economic conditions of the former franchise countries after the dissolution vary greatly details
Content from
The Republic of Slovenia in Chinese and foreign languages The Republic of Slovenia is abbreviated to Maribor, the main city of Ljubljana, the European capital of Slovenia's continent, Caile, Putui, Kopel and other national days The National Anthem "Toast Song" on June 25, 1991 country code SVN official language Slovenian currency euro time zone UTC+1 political system parliamentary republic national leader Natasha Pearce Musar (President) Robert Golob (Prime Minister) has a population of 2.11 million (2022), a population density of 103.2 people/square kilometer (2020), a major ethnic group, Slovenians, a major religion, and a Catholic land area of 20300 kilometers ² The water area ratio is 0.7%, and the GDP totals 52 billion euros (2021). The per capita GDP is 25000 euros (2021). The international call area code is 386. The abbreviation of international domain name is. si. The road is open to the right. The largest city of Lubljana, the main university of Lubljana, and the University of Maribor.
Historical evolution
Koppel Port
At the beginning, the ethnic territory of Slovenians was called Sklavinia, and the residents of this region were called Sklavi. When the population of Slovenians reached its maximum population density in Kalantania, they were also called Kalantaci, The Slovenian language was developed by Slovenian Protestant writers in the Prince Of Kalniola region, which was rooted in the Slovenian people's rapid identification as and belonging to the Kalniola region.
The national territory of the Slovenians was established in the 6th century and expanded to its peak in the 9th century, from the Bay of Trieste to the south of the Danube River and west of Lake Balaton. The Slovenian national territory was subsequently narrowed in the west due to Germanization and in the north due to the arrival of Hungarians in the Pannonian Plain. The Slovenian territorial boundary was fixed in the 15th century and did not change until the middle of the 19th century.
Maribor Riverside Scenery
Maribor Riverside Scenery
After the Lombards invaded Italy in 568, the Slavic tribes and Avars began to colonize the Western Pannonian Plain and the Eastern Alps. Their progress was hindered by the "Lombards Limes" on the eastern edge of the Fliulian Lowland. And fought against the Bavarians along the upstream direction of the Dlava River (also known as the Delau River).
Until the late 7th century, the Slavs in this region were under the rule of the Avars. During the period from 623 to 658, the Slavic tribes between the lower reaches of the Elbe River and the Karavak Mountains established their first country under the leadership of Duke Samo. This Grand Duchy collapsed after the death of Samo, but a Duchy of Catalonia is still preserved in today's Carinthia region. In the mid-19th century, it developed into the first Slovenian state, ruled by Prince Valuk, with its center located at Krn Kastle next to Malia Saal.
After forming an alliance with the Bavarians and fighting against the Avars, the Slovenians had to accept the rule of the Franks and embrace Christianity in the mid-19th century. In 803, this church area was divided along the Delaware River into The Salzburg Archdiocese and The Patriarchate of Aquileia, which lasted until the 18th century. The Aval Kingdom collapsed in the early 9th century, and Slovenians expanded from the Alps to the Lower Pannonian Plain and Istlia.
After the Treaty of Verdun, which divided the Frankish States in 843, all Slovenians were united under the rule of the Franks. Around 840 AD, Prince Plibina acquired this feudal territory from the Franks, with the center of the territory being the Balaton Castle located at the Mouth Of The Zala River on the banks of Lake Balaton. Due to the influence of the Byzantine Missionaries, Cyril, and Methodius, the successor of Pribyna, Kozeggi, distanced himself from the Bishop of Franks and established an independent duchy. Due to the signing of peace treaties with the Moravians and Germanic people, the last Slovenian state lost its freedom in 874. As a result, the Slovenian region conducted God worship ceremonies in Latin and foreign cultures dominated for 1000 years.
In the late 9th century, the so-called "Kingdom of Kalantania" appeared in the special form of a duchy on the territory surrounding the Danube and Kopla Rivers, from the source of the Delava River. During this period, Hungarians began to enter the Pannonia Plain, settled permanently in this area in 896, and played a role in connecting with the Sisra and Nansla.
After the defeat of Hungarians in Lechfeld in 955, Bavarians and Karantanian Slovenians settled eastward in the central area between Laba River, Sotera River, Krka River and Copra River, and permanently determined the national boundary between Slovenians and Croats and Hungarians.
In the late 10th century, Kalantania separated from Bavaria, but soon the Kingdom of Greater Kalantanija collapsed on Slovenian territory under pressure of having established a comprehensive feudal system.
Since the 12th century, the land of Slovenians has been divided into several historical provinces - Kalinthia, Stylia, Karniola, and later Golizia.
The Slovenian territories in the Austrian region were in a state of decline in the 13th century. The Germanic colonies have gone deep into the Villach Basin in Carinthia, Glaz Basin in Styria, and The Sola River Flood Plain in Karniola, while the Italian colonies have dominated the Freurian lowlands.
A new round of Germanic colonial movement was launched from the north. In the 15th century, the ethnic boundaries of Slovenians were limited to Hermagor, Mount Doblatsch, Vilak, Mariasar, Saualpe Mountain Lange, Mount Kozjak The area between Ladgona (Ladkersburg) and Kucnika River was preserved until the mid-19th century.
Starting around 1500, the Habsburg family successfully controlled the residential area of Slovenians and ruled the area until 1918. The regions of Styria, Karniola, Istria, and later Gorizia were merged to form Inner Austria. In the first half of the 15th century, the Prince of Celje overthrew the Hapsburg family, but Habsburg later inherited their territory after the disappearance of the Celje family. In the Ten Year War (1479-1489) between Fledelick I, the leader of the Habsburg family, and Matthias Kolvinus, the king of Hungary and Croatia, a large part of Slovenian territory was in the hands of Hungarians. Because Matthias successfully resisted Turkish attacks and supported farmers, he became a Slovenian national hero.
After Bosnia fell into the hands of the Turks in 1463, the Turks then launched several invasions against the Slovenians' residence, killing and capturing about one-third of the Slovenians. The relationship between farmers and landlords deteriorated to the extreme in large-scale peasant uprisings (occurred in 1478, 1515, 1573, respectively).
In the late 16th century, the Reformation prompted the first batch of Slovenian books, public libraries, printing factories and boarding schools. The anti Reformation movement (Kounter Reformatino) began at the end of the century. Protestant preachers and scholars either returned to Catholicism or left the region. All Protestant organizations have been destroyed. In Ljubljana, over 750 wealthy bourgeois and aristocratic families were forced to leave the Slovenian region. Protestants who still reside in this area reside in the area between the Mura River and the Raba River. Due to the victory of the anti Reformation movement, the influence of Germanic culture in this region has weakened, while the influence of Italian and Baroque cultures has increased.
The Habsburg family territory prospered after the Turks withdrew from the Middle Danube region at the end of the 17th century. The commercial roads that run through the Slovenian region connect Vienna, Lijeka, and Trieste. Free navigation in the Adriatic Sea was allowed in 1717, and Trieste became a free port in 1769. After a series of reforms by Malia Theresa, the leader of the Habsburg family, a Slovenian national rejuvenation movement was born. Due to a unified market and transportation system, the connections between the various regions of Slovenia became closer. Slovenian language is used in schools, and after Joseph II succeeded Theresa to the throne, compulsory education was introduced. Anton Tomaz Linhart aims to establish schools and public libraries in Slovenia, as well as a university in Ljubljana, through his research on the history of the Slovenian nation composed of residents living between the Delava River and the Adriatic Sea. Due to Dalmatine's successful translation of the Bible, Jansenist scholars once again noticed the unity of Slovenian language.
In 1797, the French army, under the command of Napoleon, forced the Austrian army to surrender. After the Treaty of Kampo Formio, Austria acquired the collapsed Venetian Republic and the unified regions of Istlia Slovenia and Venetian Slovenia. After France occupied Slovenia for the third time in 1809, an Illyrian Province was formed through the Treaty of Schonblunn, which merged Slovenia. The capital and administrative center of this province were in Ljubljana, but the period of French rule over Slovenia (1809-1813) was a heavy blow to Slovenia's commerce, especially in Trieste due to Napoleon's "Continental System" policy against Britain.
