Lesotho
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2023-05-08 14:46:43
Lesotho
Lesotho
The Kingdom of Lesotho, abbreviated as Lesotho, is located in southeastern Africa, on the western slope of Drakens on the eastern edge of the South African Plateau. As a landlocked country, it is called "China" due to its territory being completely surrounded by South Africa. It is the world's largest country within a country, with a land area of 30344 square kilometers and a population of 2.14 million (as of 2021). The vast majority of the population belongs to the Basuto and Zulu ethnic groups of the Bantu language family. The capital is Maseru, and there are a total of 10 administrative regions in the country， sports fitness .
Lesotho was originally known as Basutoran. It became a British protectorate in 1868, a member of the Commonwealth in 1966, and declared independence on October 4 of the same year. There have been many coups and constitutional monarchy has been implemented.
Lesotho is one of the least developed countries in the world, with poor natural resources and weak economic foundation. Lesotho is a member country of regional organizations such as the Southern African Customs Union, the Southern African Development Community, and the Rand Currency Area. In 2021, Lesotho's GDP was 2.5 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of approximately 1136 US dollars and an economic growth rate of 1%.
The Kingdom of Lesotho in Chinese and foreign languages The Kingdom of Lesotho is abbreviated to the main cities of Maseru, the capital of Africa in the continent where Lesotho belongs, Lerebe, Mafeidou, Gutin and other national holidays. The national anthem "Lesotho, Our Motherland" on October 4, 1966 country code LSO official language English, Sesotho currency Loti (the plural is UTC+2 political system parliamentary constitutional monarchy national leader Lezier III (king) Sam Matcairn (Prime Minister) [9] has a population of 2.14 million (2021), with a population density of 70.6 people per square kilometer [6]. The main ethnic groups include the Basuto and Zulu ethnic groups, including Christianity, Protestantism, and Catholicism [1]. The land area is 30344 kilometers ² Water area ratio 0.0032% GDP total 2.5 billion US dollars (2021) GDP per capita 136 US dollars (2021) international call area code 266 international domain name abbreviation. ls Road traffic drive to the left national motto Peace, precipitation, prosperity Foreign exchange reserves 490 million US dollars (2020) Climate subtropical grassland climate largest city ˊ ㄙㄨㄛ ˇ The main university of Lesotho
Historical evolution
Before independence, it was called Basutoran. At the beginning of the 19th century, Moshoeshoe I, the chief of Basuto, united all ethnic groups and established a kingdom.
In 1868, Britain officially declared Basutoran as its "protected area" and incorporated it into the British Cape Colony in South Africa in 1871.
On October 4, 1966, it declared independence, was named the Kingdom of Lesotho, and implemented a constitutional monarchy. Moshu II was the king, and Jonathan, the leader of the Kuomintang in Basotho, was the prime minister.
The first general election after independence was held in 1970, and the Basutoran Congress Party won. The government of the Bassoto Nationalist Party declared the election results invalid and implemented a state of emergency to ban the opposition party.
In 1986, Major General Lehaniye, the commander of the armed forces, launched a military coup, taking over power and prohibiting political party activities.
In November 1990, the military government deposed Moshu II and appointed his eldest son Laiziye as king.
In March 1993, the military government "returned politics to the people" and held the second general election in Lai. The Basutoran Congress Party won, and its chairman Mohler became the Prime Minister.
In January 1995, Moshu II was restored.
In January 1996, Mo Shushu II died in a car accident. In February, Lezier ascended the throne again.
In May 1998, the third general election was held, and the Democratic Congress Party won by absolute advantage, with Mosisili, its chairman, as Prime Minister.
In May 2002 and February 2007, Lai successfully held general elections in a mixed election model, with the Democratic Congress Party winning consecutive elections and Mosisili both serving as Prime Minister.
In February 2012, Mosisili left the Democratic Congress Party and established a new Democratic Congress Party to continue to govern. After the May 2012 general election, the opposition parties, the All Bassoto Congress Party, the Lesotho Democratic Congress Party, and the Bassoto Nationalist Party, formed an alliance and successfully formed a cabinet. The first coalition government in Lesotho's history was announced, and the leader of the All Bassoto Congress Party, Thabane, was elected as Prime Minister.
On October 7, 2022, Lesotho held a general election. On October 11th, the Election Commission announced the election results, and Sam Matekane, a wealthy businessman from the country, won the "Prosperity Revolution Party" (RFP), winning 56 seats and becoming the largest party in parliament. The ruling coalition, the All Bassoto Congress Party (ABC), suffered a heavy blow. Due to not exceeding half of the 120 seats, Matcairn has no right to form a separate cabinet and needs to form a coalition government with other political parties. In recent years, the division of political parties within Lai has deepened, and the coalition government has performed poorly. Matcairn has publicly stated that he does not want to form a coalition government. In addition, due to dissatisfaction with the salary increase proposed by Transnet, a state-owned port and railway operator in South Africa, the South African National Transport Federation and the South African Transport and Union Workers' Union began strikes on the 6th and 10th, respectively, which are expected to have a significant impact on the country's transportation business.
geographical environment
Regional location
Lesotho is located in southern Africa and is a country within a country surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. It is an inland highland and mountainous country and calls itself the "High Mountain Kingdom". Lesotho has a land area of 30355 square kilometers.
topographic features
The highest altitude in the eastern part of Lesotho is 3482 meters, and the lowest altitude is 1388 meters. Over 65% of the country has an altitude between 2300 meters and 3482 meters. 75% of the land in the eastern region is mountainous, while 25% of the land in the western region is mostly plateau and low-lying flat areas. The capital, Maseru, belongs to the lowland region.
Climatic characteristics
Lesotho mainly has a continental subtropical climate. From November to January of the next year, it is summer, and from May to August, it is winter. The highest temperature in the whole year is January (15-33 ° C), and the lowest temperature is July (minus 3-18 ° C). The average annual rainfall in low-lying valley areas is 600 mm, and the average annual rainfall in eastern and northern areas is 1200 mm.
natural resources
Lesotho has relatively scarce natural resources, mainly including diamonds, a small amount of coal without commercial mining value, lead, quartz, agate, uranium, etc. Lesotho has many diamond mines, which are rich in diamond resources, and the mining output is increasing year by year. In 2006, Lesotho discovered the 603 carat diamond "Lesotho Promise", which was the world's largest diamond at that time; In 2011, 550 carats of diamonds were mined; In 2018, 910 carats of diamonds were mined. Lesotho currently has 405 proven diamond mines, of which the Kao mine covers 0.08 square kilometers, making it the fourth largest mine in southern Africa with an estimated total production of 12.4 million carats; The raw ore reserves of Likebong Mine reach 36 million tons, ranking among the top in the world. In addition to diamond resources, Lesotho's sandstone and rock resources have also been continuously developed in recent years
