Mongolia
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2023-08-21 14:06:47
Mongolia
Mongolia
Mongolia (Mongolian: Монголулс， Mongolia, abbreviated as Mongolia, is a landlocked country located between China and Russia in central Asia [26], surrounded by both countries. The capital and the largest city in the country is Ulaanbaatar. The main ethnic group is the Karka Mongolian, accounting for about 80% of the national population, and there are also ethnic minorities such as the Kazakh. The official language is Mongolian. The residents mainly believe in Tibetan Buddhism, with a land area of 1.5665 million square kilometers and the capital city of Ulaanbaatar. The population is about 3.458 million people (as of July 2023), and the country is divided into the capital and 21 provinces，sports fitness .
In Mongolian history, it was ruled by multiple nomadic peoples such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Rouran, Turkic, and Khitan. In 1206, Genghis Khan established the Great Mongolian State. In 1271, his grandson Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty, and after its downfall, the Mongols returned to the Mongolian grasslands, but often clashed with the Ming Dynasty at the border. From the 16th to the 17th century, Mongolia began to be influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, and by the end of the 17th century, the entire territory of Mongolia was under the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
On December 1, 1911, Outer Mongolia declared independence, but it did not receive international recognition until it gained independence under the control of Soviet Russia in 1921. In 1961, it joined the United Nations and began to gain recognition from the international community. The People's Republic of Mongolia, established in 1924, was under the influence of the Soviet Union. After the upheaval in Eastern Europe, a democratic revolution broke out in Mongolia and a new constitution implementing a multi-party system was promulgated in 1992, beginning the transition to a market economy.
Mongolia has a land area of 1566500 square kilometers, making it the 19th largest country in the world and the second largest landlocked country after Kazakhstan.
geographical environment
Regional location
Mongolia is located in Northeast Asia and is the second largest inland country in the world, with a total land area of 1566500 square kilometers. It borders Russia to the north, China to the east, south, and west, and the border between China and Mongolia is 4710 kilometers long.
topographic features
The geological structure of Mongolia is complex, with many mountain ranges composed of volcanic rocks. The soil layer is thick, and the bedrock is exposed. The soil types are mainly chestnut soil and saline soil. There is a permafrost layer in the north, and from north to south, there are generally six vegetation zones, including alpine grasslands, primitive forest grasslands, grasslands, and Gobi desert.
The terrain of Mongolia gradually decreases from west to east, with the highest point at 4653 meters above sea level (Mount Naramdall) and the lowest point at 553 meters above sea level (Lake Huhe), with an average elevation of 1580 meters. The mountainous area is 777000 square kilometers, accounting for half of the total area; The Gobi Desert covers an area of 400000 square kilometers, accounting for a quarter of the total area; The lake area is 16000 square kilometers, accounting for 1% of the total area.
The main mountains in Mongolia are: Altay Mount Taishan is located in the west of Mongolia, with an average altitude of 3000 meters, and runs from northwest to southeast; Hangai Mountain is located in the central part of Mongolia, with an average elevation of 3000 meters and a northwest southeast direction; Mount Kent (revered by the Mongols as a sacred mountain) is located in the eastern part of Mongolia, with an average elevation of 2000 meters and a northeast southwest direction.
