Peru ǔ]
Views : 595
2023-09-22 14:05:32
Peru ǔ]
Peru ǔ]
The Republic of Peru, abbreviated as Peru, is a country in western South America, bordered by Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil and Bolivia to the east, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Peru's national administrative divisions are divided into four levels, namely central, regional, provincial, and municipal (county). There are a total of 24 major regions and 1 directly affiliated district (Kayao District), 195 provinces, and 1832 cities (counties) in the country, with Lima as the capital. In 2022, Peru had a total population of 33.3967 million， sports fitness .
In 1533, it became a Spanish colony. In 1544, the Peruvian Governor's District was established, becoming the center of Spanish colonial rule in South America. On July 28, 1821, it declared independence and established the Republic of Peru. In 1835, Peru merged with Bolivia to form the Peruvian Bolivian Confederation, which collapsed in 1839. From 1879 to 1883, Bolivia and Chile engaged in the "Pacific War", losing the secession in secret warfare. Afterwards, they suffered from long-term internal turmoil and external invasion, and the military had been in power for many years. In May 1980, democratic elections were held to restore the literati government.
In 2022, Peru's GDP reached 240.884 billion US dollars, with an economic growth rate of 2.68%, a poverty rate of 25.9%, and an inflation rate of 8.46%. As of July 2023, foreign exchange reserves amounted to $73.806 billion.
On December 7, 2022 local time, Peruvian Vice President Dina Boluat was sworn in as the new president at a plenary session of the parliament.
geographical environment
Regional location
Peru is located in the central part of the west coast of South America, bordered by Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil and Bolivia to the east, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Peru has a coastline of 2254 kilometers and a land area of 1.285 million square kilometers, ranking fourth in Latin America.
topographic features
The Andes Mountains run through the country from north to south, while the western coastal areas are arid plains. In the east, there are tropical rainforests in the Amazon Basin. Mountains account for one-third of the national area. The entire territory is divided into three regions from west to east: the western coastal area is a narrow and arid zone, a tropical desert area, with a dry and mild climate, intermittent plains, developed irrigation agriculture, and a concentrated urban population; The central mountainous plateau region is mainly located in the middle section of the Andes, with an average elevation of about 4300 meters, and is the birthplace of the Amazon River; The eastern part is the Amazon tropical rainforest region, which belongs to the upstream basin of the Amazon River. It is a foothill zone and alluvial plain, with high temperatures and rainfall all year round, abundant forests, and sparse population. It is a newly developed oil producing area in Peru.
Both Mount Corona and the Salkan Mountains have an altitude of over 6000 meters, while Mount Vascalan has an altitude of 6768 meters, making it the highest point in Peru. The main rivers are the Ukayali River and the Putumayo River. The southern part of the central region is characterized by volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. The southeastern border with Bolivia has Lake Titicaca, the second largest lake in South America. The northern coast and offshore areas in the central region contain oil. The offshore waters are rich in anchovy (Peruvian sardine) and other fishery resources, and there are a lot of bird droppings on the coastal islands. The forest area accounts for 51% of the territorial area.
Climatic characteristics
Peru is located in a tropical region, but due to its complex and diverse geographical conditions, its climate is not a single tropical climate, but exhibits extremely high diversity. Among the 32 global climates, Peru has 28. The western coastal area has a desert grassland climate with mild climate, high humidity, and low precipitation, but the temperature in the north is higher and there is more precipitation; The central Andes mountain area is located on a plateau and belongs to a tropical mountain climate. It is rainy in summer, and temperature and humidity decrease with altitude, with the characteristic of "ten miles with different days"; The eastern Amazon region has a tropical rainforest climate with high temperatures and rainfall, but the southern region has cold winters. The average annual temperature in the capital city of Lima is 18.7 ℃, with little rain throughout the year, making it known as the "World's Rainless City"; Winter is foggy and rarely sunny. However, in recent years, due to the impact of climate change, the precipitation in Lima has gradually increased.
