Senegal
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2023-10-16 16:07:32
Senegal
Senegal
The Republic of Senegal (La R é publique du S é n é gal), abbreviated as Senegal, is located at the westernmost point of the protruding region in western Africa, with its capital in Dakar. To the north is Mauritania, to the east is Mali, to the south is Guinea and Guinea-Bissau, and to the west is the Cape Verde Islands. The coastline is about 700 kilometers long, with the capital city of Dakar, covering an area of 196722 square kilometers and a population of 17.74 million (2021) [19]. There are more than 20 ethnic groups in the country, mainly the Volov ethnic group (accounting for 43% of the national population), the Pall ethnic group (24%), and the Cheryl ethnic group (15%). There are a total of 14 major regions in the country，sports fitness .
The Kingdom of Tekru was established in the 9th century AD and conquered by the Mali Empire in the 13th century. In the mid 14th century, the Kingdom of Yejian Zhuolov belonged to the Sanghai Empire around the 16th century. Since 1444, it was invaded by Portugal and contested by the Netherlands, France, and Britain from the 17th to 18th centuries. In 1677, France established a colony in Senegal and in 1895, it was transferred to French West Africa. In 1946, it became the Overseas Department of France. In 1958, it became an autonomous republic within the French Community. In 1959, it formed a federation with Mali and withdrew in 1960, becoming an independent republic.
Senegal is one of the least developed countries in the world, an agricultural country, with forests accounting for 31% of the total land area. Arable land accounts for approximately 27%, with peanuts being the most important economic and export crop. Other industries include fishing, mining, manufacturing, and tourism. Senegal's GDP in 2022 is 28.9 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 1880 US dollars and a GDP growth rate of 4.7%.
geographical environment
Regional location
Senegal is located at the westernmost point of the western protruding part of the African continent, bordering Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The Republic of Gambia forms a narrow strip from west to east, wedged into the southwestern part of Senegal. Senegal has a land area of 196700 square kilometers and a coastline of approximately 700 kilometers.
topographic features
The terrain of Senegal is mainly plain, with hills and highlands in the east and southeast, and undulating sand dunes along the coast.
Climatic characteristics
Senegal has a tropical grassland climate with an average annual temperature of 29 ℃. The highest temperature is from September to October, with a maximum temperature of 45 ℃ and an average of 24-32 ℃. The lowest temperature is in January, with an average of 18-26 ℃. The year is divided into dry season and rainy season, with November to May of the following year being the dry season and June to October being the rainy season. The average annual rainfall from north to south ranges from 300 millimeters to 1000 millimeters.
natural resources
mineral resources
Senegal has poor mineral resources, mainly including phosphate, iron, gold, copper, diamonds, titanium, etc. In recent years, oil and gas resources have been discovered. The reserves of calcium phosphate are approximately 100 million tons, and the reserves of aluminum phosphate are between 50 and 70 million tons. The reserves of zircon are approximately 800 million tons, of which 2.5 million tons are located on the "Grand C ô te" zircon deposit in the Jes region. With the mining of zircon deposits, Senegal will become one of the top 10 zircon producing countries in the world. The Sabodola gold mine in Senegal has nearly 50 tons of reserves. In 2016, the Maco gold mine was discovered, located in K é dougou, approximately 700 kilometers southeast of the capital Dakar, with an estimated annual production of 4 tons.
Oil and gas resources
In recent years, oil and gas resources have been discovered along the coast of Senegal, with estimated reserves of 530 million tons in the central and southern offshore oilfields. At present, the main proven oil and gas resources are: firstly, the Grand Tortue Ahmeyim natural gas field on the border with Mauritania, which is expected to be commercially exploited from 2022 to 2023; The second is the Sangomar oil and gas block, with recoverable natural gas reserves of 70 billion cubic meters and oil reserves of 2.7 billion barrels; The third is the Cayaar offshore natural gas block, where two gas fields have been discovered, with a total recoverable natural gas reserves of 560 billion cubic meters.
water resource
Senegal has abundant hydraulic resources. It has established the "Senegal River Basin Development Organization" (OMVS) with Mali, Mauritania, and Guinea, and the "Gambia River Basin Development Organization" (OMVG) with the Gambia, Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau.
Forest resources
Senegal has a forest area of approximately 6.205 million hectares, accounting for 43.8% of the national area. The main types of forests are: low wood and small tree grassland forests, mainly distributed in the northern region; Big tree grassland forest, distributed in the eastern region; High density forests, mainly distributed in the southern region; Mangrove forests are distributed in the estuaries of major river basins such as the Casamance River and the Senegal River.
