Tengger Desert
Views : 595
2023-02-15 14:22:56
Tengger Desert
Tengger Desert
Tengger Desert is located in the southwest of Alxa Left Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the central border of Gansu Province, between 37 ° 30 'to 40 ° N and 102 ° 20' to 106 ° E.
The Great Wall of South Vietnam reaches Helan Mountain in the east and Yabulai Mountain in the west， sports fitness .
It is 240 kilometers long from north to south and 160 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of about 43000 square kilometers, making it the fourth largest desert in China. It is the eastern part of the Alxa Desert, at the bottom of the Yin'er Basin.
The administrative division of Tengger Desert mainly belongs to Alxa Left Banner, and the western and southeast edges belong to Minqin County, Wuwei City, Gansu Province and Zhongwei City, Ningxia Province, respectively.
The desert consists of Nanjiling in the north and Tengger in the south, which is commonly called Tengger Desert. There are sand dunes, lake basins, grassland, mountains, residual hills and plains in the interior.
The area of sand dunes accounts for 71%, mainly mobile sand dunes, most of which are lattice sand dune chains and crescent sand dune chains, with a height of 10-20 meters (33-66 feet). There are 422 lake basins in total, half of which have accumulated water, which is a dry or shrinking residual lake.
landforms
Sand dunes, lake basins, mountains and flat land are crisscrossed in the desert. Among them, sand dunes account for 71%, lake basins account for 7%, and mountain residual hills and flat lands account for 22%.
Among the sand dunes, mobile sand dunes account for 93%, and the rest are fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes. The height is generally 10 to 20 meters, mainly composed of lattice dunes and lattice dune chains, and crescent dunes are distributed in the marginal areas.
Tall complex dune chains are found in the northeast of the desert, with a height of about 50-100 meters.
In terms of topography, it belongs to the alluvial plain of the Alxa Plateau, with an elevation of 1050 meters. It is a fault basin (in the Yin'e basin) in geological structure, covered by fine sand and clay-like fourth alluvial - lacustrine deposits, on which are alluvial, siltation and aeolian deposits, mostly mobile, semi-fixed, fixed sand dunes, flat sand dunes and inter-dune lowlands, which are staggered and distributed in multiple areas.
The Yellow River flows through the southeast end of Dengkou County from south to north. The terrain of Dengkou Lvzhou inclines from southeast to northwest, with an altitude of 1048-1053 meters.
Most of the mountains are scattered isolated mountains and hills covered by quicksand or separated by sand dunes, such as Alagu Mountain, Qingshan Mountain, Toudao Mountain, Erdao Mountain, Sandao Mountain, Sidao Mountain, Turantai Mountain, etc.
The flat land in the desert is mainly distributed between the Zhala Lake and Tonghu Lake in the southeast. The edge of the lake basin in the desert has been reclaimed in a small area.
climate
The climate is controlled by westerly circulation all the year round, belonging to the typical continental climate in the middle temperate zone, with sparse precipitation. The annual average precipitation is 102.9 mm, the maximum annual precipitation is 150.3 mm, the minimum annual precipitation is 33.3 mm, the annual average temperature is 7.8 ℃, the absolute maximum temperature is 39 ℃, the absolute minimum air temperature is - 29.6 ℃, the annual average evaporation is 2258.8 mm, the frost-free period is 168 days, the illumination is 3181 hours, and the solar radiation is 150 kcal/cm2, The effective accumulated temperature of more than 10 ℃ is 3289.1 ℃, and the southwest wind prevails all year round. The main harmful wind is the northwest wind. The wind is strong, and the sandstorm hazard is the main natural disaster. However, the light and heat resources are abundant, and the development of large-scale aquaculture has potential advantages.
Tengger Desert has obvious continental climate characteristics; It is close to the lake basin and river and has good water conditions.
The dryness of Tengger Desert is 4-12, and the annual average temperature is 7-9 ℃. It is one of the areas with the longest sunshine and the highest accumulated temperature in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia.
Annual precipitation 116-148 mm,; Although the rainfall is small, it is mostly concentrated in July and August. The rainy and hot seasons provide good hydrothermal conditions for the growth of one-year grasses and other grasses in summer.
The annual evaporation is 3000-3600 mm, the annual average wind speed is 3-4 meters/second, there is a Grade 8 storm in March and March, and the annual gale days are 30-50 days. It is one of the areas rich in wind energy resources in the desert. This provides a prerequisite for the use of wind energy.
hydrology
There are 422 large and small lake basins in the desert. Most of them are grass lakes without clear water, covering an area of 1-100 square kilometers. It is in zonal distribution, and the water source is mainly from the surrounding mountain diving.
The vegetation types in the lake basin are mainly swamps, meadows and halophytes, which are the main pastures in the desert. There are 251 stagnant water, mainly for spring water supply and temporary water collection.
Tengger Desert
Most of them are Tertiary residual lakes, which are the main settlements of residents. The total area is 503400 hectares, most of which are grass lakes such as Achnatherum splendens and Malan, which have no or small water accumulation. The lake basin in Tengger Desert has sufficient light and heat, good water conditions, rich groundwater, and a depth of 1-2 meters. It is an oasis in the desert and a place where herdsmen live for generations.
The distribution characteristics of the lake are as follows: the lake basin in the central and southern part of the desert generally extends 20-30 kilometers long, 1-3 kilometers wide, and covers an area of 4000-5000 hectares.
The lake basin is distributed in a regular north-south parallel arrangement, separated by a 3-5 km wide mobile dune belt; Most of the lake basins on the western and southern margins are irregularly distributed, with different sizes, ranging from 5000-10000 hectares for the large ones to less than 100 hectares for the small ones. They are supplied by many lakes and springs, with good water quality and lush vegetation. Although the area is small, it is a local animal husbandry base with abundant water and grass.
From the above, the Tengger Desert, especially in the south, is dotted with lake basins, and there are some flat and open land where the Yellow River flows. According to the survey data of Hetao General Administration of Inner Mongolia, shallow confined and semi-confined water is extremely rich, with a 100-meter aquifer and a total reserve of 5.7 billion cubic meters, and good water quality, which is a high-quality water source for drainage and irrigation.
In 1958, the work of desertification control was started, hundreds of protective forest belts were built, sand was sealed and grass was cultivated, so that the Baozhou-Lanzhou Railway through the desert could pass without obstruction. This is a great achievement in the science of desertification control in China.
Tengger Desert
Moon Lake is the only original ecological lake with a coastline among many lakes in the Tengger Desert. On its coastline of 3 kilometers long and 2 kilometers wide, the thin surface layer can be excavated to reveal thousands of years of black sand and mud. The Moon Lake is half a freshwater lake and half a saltwater lake. The lake water contains more than 10 mineral trace elements such as selenium and iron, and is highly purified. The lake water remains for millions of years without turbidity. Although the annual precipitation is only 220 mm, the lake water has not decreased, but has increased.
After testing, the unique black sand mud of Moon Lake is rich in more than ten kinds of trace elements, and its quality is better than that of the black mud in the "Dead Sea". It can be said that it is the unique pure ecological resource of Tengger Dalai.
