Argentina[ ā g ē n tíng]
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2023-04-13 13:43:55
Argentina[ ā g ē n tíng]
Argentina[ ā g ē n tíng]
The Argentine Republic (Spanish: Republic of Argentina, English: Republic of Argentina), abbreviated as "Argentina", is located in the southeast of South America, facing the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Antarctica to the south across the sea, Chile to the west, Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Uruguay and Brazil to the northeast, with a land area of 2.7804 million square kilometers, It is a presidential system federal republic consisting of 23 provinces and the federal capital (Buenos Aires). In 2022, Argentina had a total population of 47.32 million.
It was a Native American settlement before the 16th century and became a Spanish colony in the mid 16th century. On May 25, 1810, the May Revolution, which opposed Spanish colonial rule, broke out and the first government committee was established. In 1812, the Argentine people led by Jose Francisco de San Martin Matras fought against the Spanish colonial army and declared independence on July 9, 1816. In 1853, the Federal Republic was established. The Constitution of Argentina, which was amended for the fourth time in 1994, stipulated that Argentina was a federation country and practiced representative democracy， sports fitness .
Afghanistan is a country with strong comprehensive national strength in the Latin American region. The industrial categories are relatively complete, and agriculture and animal husbandry are developed. In March 2022, the Afghan government reached an agreement with the International Monetary Fund to repay $45 billion in debt. According to official economic data released by the Argentine National Bureau of Statistics, the total economic output of Argentina in 2020 was 383 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 9.9%; The per capita GDP is 8524 US dollars.
Historical records
How did Argentina's southward movement double its territory within 70 years? 2023-01-17 09:35
Diplomatic games and gunfire. What troubles did Argentina encounter during its southward expansion? How did Pampas and Patagonia get eaten by Argentina details
Content from
Chinese name Argentine Republic [1] Foreign name Spanish: Rep ú blica Argentina
English: Republic of Argentina, abbreviated as Buenos Aires, the capital of South America in the continent to which Argentina belongs. The main cities are Rosario, La Plata, Mad Plata, and Mendoza, Cordoba et al. [1] National Day, May 25, 1810 [1] National Anthem, March of the Motherland, country code, ARG, Official Language, Spanish [1] Currency, Argentine peso, [1] Time zone, UTC-3, Political system, President, President, republic, National Leader, Alberto Fernández (President), Population 47.32 million (2022) [1] Population density, 16.5 people/km2 (2020) [10] Major ethnic groups, Hispanics, Italians The Mapuche people [1] have a major religion of Catholicism [1], with a land area of 2780400 km ² (2020) [1] Water area rate 2.3% GDP per capita 8524 US dollars (2022, international exchange rate) international call area code 54 Abbreviation of international domain name. ar Road traffic Drive right Human development index 0.808 (the world's 49th in 2014) Central Bank of Argentina National flower Sabo flower National bird Brown kitchen bird national motto In unity and freedom Major universities such as Buenos Aires University
Historical evolution
Before the 16th century, indigenous Native Americans lived there.
In the mid-16th century, it became a Spanish colony.
On May 25, 1810, the "May Revolution" broke out against Spanish colonial rule, and the first government committee was established.
In 1812, Saint Martin, the national hero, led the people to fight against the Spanish colonial army and declared independence on July 9, 1816. Afterwards, it remained in a state of turmoil and division for a long time.
In 1853, General Urgiza formulated the first constitution, establishing the Federal Republic, and Ukraine became the first president after the constitution was established.
In 1860, it was renamed the Republic.
In the 1930s, there was a situation of alternating military and civilian governance. In the mid to late 1970s, the military government brutally suppressed left-wing opposition figures.
In 1982, a war broke out with Britain over the sovereignty dispute over the Malvinas Islands, but was later defeated and the military government collapsed.
In 1983, the democratically elected government of the Radical Party came to power, restored and vigorously promoted the democratization process, and the democratic system gradually consolidated. Since 1989, Justice Party leader Menem has been in power for ten consecutive years, implementing neoliberal economic policies and achieving significant economic development. In the later period of Mei's reign, the economy of Afghanistan entered a recession, and social problems became increasingly prominent.
In 1999, after radical party member Delarua was elected as president, he failed to curb a three-year economic recession.
In December 2001, a serious political, economic, and social crisis broke out in Afghanistan, forcing Germany to resign. Afterwards, the situation was severely turbulent, and within ten days, several presidents were changed.
On January 1, 2002, Justice Party member Duald was elected as President by Congress.
After Justice Party member Kirchner took office as president in May 2003, the economy rapidly recovered, the political situation stabilized, people's livelihoods improved, and international and regional influence rebounded.
In October 2007, Kirchner's wife Christina won the election as a candidate for the "Victory Front" of the centre-left cross party coalition, becoming the first democratically elected female president in Afghan history. After taking office, he basically inherited various internal and external policies of the Kirchner government and was successfully re elected in October 2011.
On June 28, 2022, according to ITAR News Agency, Argentina has applied to join the BRICS cooperation mechanism.
On March 21, 2023 (Buenos Aires time), Argentine President Fernandez announced that Argentina decided to rejoin the Union of South American Nations. On April 6 local time, the Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement announcing that the Argentine side had informed the member countries of the Union of South American Nations about the Argentine government's decision to rejoin the organization, and formally submitted to the organization for approval to resume the membership of the Argentine side in accordance with the Constitution of the Association.
geographical environment
Regional location
Argentina is located in the southern part of South America, second in area to Brazil, and is the second largest country in Latin America. It is bordered to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west by Chile and the Andes Mountains, and to the north and east by Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, and Uruguay. Covering an area of 2780400 square kilometers (excluding the Malvinas Islands and the Antarctic territories claimed by Argentina), it ranks eighth in the world and is the second largest country in Latin America, second only to Brazil. The total length of the boundary line is 25728 kilometers, with a maximum distance of 3693.8 kilometers from north to south; The maximum east-west distance is 1460 kilometers. The coastline is over 5000 kilometers, and the continental shelf area is nearly 1 million square kilometers. The main rivers are the La Plata River (with a maximum width of 220 kilometers) and its upstream rivers, including the Parana River, Uruguay River, and Paraguay River.
Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, is 11 hours later than Beijing.
topographic features
Aconcagua, the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere
The terrain of Argentina gradually flattens from west to east. The western part is dominated by the rolling and magnificent Andes. Aconcagua Mountain, 6964 meters above sea level, is the highest peak of the Andes and the highest peak in South America, accounting for about 30% of the national area; The Pampas grassland in the eastern and central regions is a famous agricultural and pastoral area; The northern part is mainly the Gran Chaco Plain, with many swamps and forests; The southern part is the Patagonian Plateau. The main mountain ranges include the Ojos de Sarado Mountains and the Mehicana Mountains. Aconcagua Mountain is 6964 meters above sea level, the highest peak in the Southern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere.
Climatic characteristics
Argentina has a diverse climate with distinct four seasons. Except for the cold zone in the south, most of them are temperate and subtropical. The annual average temperature is 21.6 degrees Celsius in the north, 6.3 degrees Celsius in the south, and 17.7 degrees Celsius in the capital. The annual precipitation is very uneven, reaching over 1000 millimeters in the northeast corner, 500-1000 millimeters in the central and northern regions, below 200 millimeters in the western region, and also below 200 millimeters in the Patagonia region.
Water system distribution
The total length of the La Plata Parana River is 4700 kilometers, making it the second largest river in South America. The Laplata Parana River has a total length of 5580 kilometers and is the second largest water system in South America. Its main tributaries include international boundary rivers such as the Paraguay River and the Uruguay River. The southern Andes region is rich in ice eroded lakes. The main lakes include Lake Chiquita, Lake Argentina, and Lake Bedma.
natural resources
Argentina is rich in mineral resources and one of the main mining countries in Latin America. The main mineral resources include oil, natural gas, copper, gold, uranium, lead, zinc, borate, clay, etc., most of which are located near the Andes Mountains at the border with Chile and Bolivia. However, the level of mineral development is relatively low, and it is estimated that about 75% of the resources have not yet been explored and developed. Proved reserves: 394 million cubic meters of oil, 332.511 billion cubic meters of natural gas, 2271 trillion cubic meters of recoverable shale gas, 27 billion barrels of recoverable shale oil, 825 million tons of coal, 300 million tons of iron, and 7080 tons of uranium. Rich water and fishery resources. The forest area is 1.253 million square kilometers, with a forest coverage rate of 45.06%.
mineral products
Oil and Natural Gas
Oil and natural gas are one of Argentina's more abundant energy minerals. In 2015, Argentina's oil reserves were 326 million tons (2.39 billion barrels), accounting for 0.14% of global reserves. In 2015, its oil production was 26.6 million tons (190 million barrels), accounting for 0.68% of global production. The four proven oil fields are: Comodoro Comodoro Rivadavia oil field in Chubut Province Province, Plaza Huincul oil field in Neuquén Province, Tupungato oil field in Mendoza, and oil fields in the border area between Huhui Province and Sarta Province.
70% of natural gas resources are distributed in the northern province of Salta, and 15% are located in the southern province of Tierra del Fuego. In 2015, Argentina's proven natural gas reserves were 350 billion cubic meters, with a potential reserve of 319 billion cubic meters and an annual production of 428 billion cubic meters.
In addition, Argentina also has huge unconventional oil and gas reserves. According to the comprehensive assessment of global shale resources released by the US Energy Agency in 2013, Argentina's shale gas reserves rank second in the world, its shale oil reserves rank fourth in the world, and its shale gas reserves account for more than 10% of the world's total reserves. The largest shale oil and gas reserves in Argentina are located in the Neuquén Basin, of which the Vaca Muerta region is the most abundant, with 661 billion barrels of oil and 33.4 trillion cubic meters of natural gas resources.
copper mine
Argentine copper deposits are mainly distributed in the Andes metallogenic belt along the Chile Argentina border. The belt extends more than 1000 kilometers from Salta Province in the north to Neuquén Province in the south. There are dozens of deposits in the belt. The deposit type is mainly porphyry, often accompanied by gold, silver and molybdenum deposits. This region is also a mineral producing area for lead, zinc, gold, silver, iron, potassium, manganese, tin, antimony, and other minerals. The main copper deposits include Bajode La Alumbrera, El Pach ó n, and Agua Rica.
The Bajode La Alumbrera copper gold deposit is located in the province of Catamarca in northwestern Argentina, with an elevation of 2560 meters. This mine is the only copper mine produced in Argentina, producing 425000 ounces of gold and 143000 tons of copper in 2009. The proven copper reserves are 3.91 million tons, with a copper grade of 1.51%, a gold reserve of 491 tons, and a gold grade of 0.64 grams per ton.
El Pach ó n copper molybdenum mine is located in the province of San Juan and is the largest copper mine in Argentina. The mine has a resource of 32.8 million tons of metallic copper with a copper grade of 0.55%; The proven reserves exceed 5.3 million tons, with an average grade of 0.69%. The Paqiong Copper Mine is currently undergoing mining construction and is expected to be put into operation in 2018, with an annual production of 200000 tons of copper concentrate.
Agua Rica copper molybdenum gold deposit is one of the important undeveloped copper gold molybdenum deposits in the world, located in the province of Catamaka. The reserve of this mine is 8.14 million tons of copper metal, 414 tons of gold, and 630000 tons of molybdenum, and a feasibility study has been completed. Aguarica and two other potential large copper mine projects such as Los Azules and Taca Taca do not have exact production dates.
Gold and silver ore
Argentina has discovered 337 gold deposits and mineralization points, distributed in 21 mineralization zones. In 2015, Argentina produced 57.6 tons of gold and 768 tons of silver, with major large gold mines including Valadero and Pascua Lama.
Valadero epithermal gold deposit is located in San Juan Province. Its main ore minerals include natural gold, gold and silver ore, pyrite, chalcopyrite, alunite and clay. The ore reserves announced in 1999 were 118 million tons, with an average grade of 1.4 grams of gold/ton and 21.8 grams of silver/ton.
The Pascua Lama epithermal gold deposit, also located in San Juan Province, is an extension of the Pascua mine in Chile to Argentina, with Chile accounting for 80% and Argentina accounting for 20%. The two sides are jointly mining. The estimated ore reserves are 325 million tons, with an average grade of 1.4 grams of gold/ton and 59 grams of silver/ton.
Lithium boron ore
The South American region is the most abundant in brine lithium resources in the world, accounting for approximately 85% of the world's brine lithium resources. It is mainly distributed in the Puna Plateau region at the border of Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia, known as the "lithium triangle". Almost all salt mines in this area contain brine rich in lithium, potassium, and boron ions, with a low lithium magnesium ratio and accompanying potassium and boron that can be comprehensively utilized. The resource occurrence state is good and the mining conditions are superior.
Argentina has a total reserves of lithium resources of approximately 7.35 million tons, of which 6.5 million tons have been proven, making it the third largest lithium metal reserve country in the world, with the main type being salt lake brine deposits; In 2015, the total amount of lithium metal mining in Afghanistan was nearly 4000 tons, making it the fourth largest lithium producing country in the world. Lithium resources in Argentina are mainly distributed in salt marsh areas such as Salardel Hombre Muerto and Salardel Rinc ó n in Pune Plateau between Katamaka Province and Salta Province, Hohuy Province, Mendoza Province and Neuquén Province.
Argentina has 2 million tons of boron resource reserves and produced 700000 tons of boron in 2013, making it the largest boron producing country in Latin America and the second largest in the world. The main boron mining areas are located in the provinces of Salta, Huhuii, and Katamaka.
Uranium ore
Uranium is one of the relatively rich minerals in Argentina. In 2015, the uranium reserves were 29400 tons, mainly in Salta, Cordoba, Mendoza and Chubut Province provinces.
Lead-zinc ore
The lead zinc mines in Argentina are mainly distributed in the Mina Aguilar and Casta ñ o Nuevo regions of the province of San Juan. Among them, the Aguilar deposit contains 66 million tons of lead-zinc ore reserves, containing 6.2% lead and 7.6% zinc, accompanied by gold and silver.
iron ore
The reserve of iron ore in Argentina is about 1.1 billion tons, and the main iron ores are Zapla iron ore in Huhui province and Sierra Grande iron ore in Heihe province. It is estimated that the reserves of iron ore at Sapra Iron Mine are 110 million tons, with an ore grade of 35% to 45%; The content of iron ore sand in Hillagrand Iron Mine is 1
