Yemen ě mén]
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2023-05-12 14:59:24
Yemen ě mén]
Yemen ě mén]
Republic of Yemen (Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية Republic of Yemen, located at the southwest end of the Arabian Peninsula. Adjacent to Saudi Arabia and Oman, it is close to the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea, with a coastline of 1906 kilometers. The climate in mountainous and plateau areas within the territory is relatively mild, while desert areas are hot and dry. The annual average highest temperature is 39 ℃ and the lowest temperature is -8 ℃, with a land area of 528000 square kilometers. Yemen is divided into 21 provinces and 1 municipality, with Sana'a as its capital. As of June 2022, Yemen has a population of 29.8 million，sports fitness .
Yemen has a written history of over 3000 years and is one of the cradles of ancient civilization in the Arab world. Starting from the 14th century BC, the dynasties of Maine, Sabah, and Himiarit were successively established. They were merged into the Persian Empire in 575 AD and became part of the Arab Empire in the 7th century. The Rashid dynasty was established in the 9th century. After the 16th century, they were successively invaded and occupied by Portugal, the Ottoman Empire, and Britain. In 1918, the Kingdom of Mutawakilia in Yemen was established. In 1934, Britain forced the Kingdom to recognize its occupation of southern Yemen, and Yemen was officially divided into the north and south. In September 1962, the "Freedom Officer" organization led by Abdullah Salal launched a revolution to overthrow the Badr dynasty in the north and establish the Yemen Arab Republic. In 1967, South Yemen gained independence from British colonial rule and established the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. On May 22, 1990, northern and southern Yemen declared reunification and established the Republic of Yemen.
Yemen is economically backward and one of the least developed countries in the world. Economic development mainly relies on oil exports. The main economic data for 2021 are as follows: Gross Domestic Product: 26.9 billion US dollars. Per capita gross domestic product: 430 US dollars.
The Republic of Yemen is the main city of Sana'a (the legal capital), the capital of the Asian continent of Yemen. The national anthem of the United Republic, country code, YEM official language, Arabic currency, Yemeni Riyal time zone, UTC+3 political system, democratic republic, national leader Rashad Mohammed Ali mi (chairman of the Presidential Leadership Committee) Muin Abdul Malik Said (Prime Minister) has a population of 29.8 million (as of June 2022), with a population density of 56.44 people per square kilometer (as of June 2022). The main ethnic group is Arab, and the main religion is Islam (Sunni). The land area is 528000 kilometers ² GDP totaled 26.9 billion US dollars (2021), per capita GDP was 430 US dollars (2021), international call area code 967, abbreviation of international domain name. ye Road traffic, drive right, climate type tropical desert climate climate, national flower, coffee flower, national bird, eagle, national tree, coffee tree, major universities Sana'a University, University of Aden
Historical evolution
Yemen has a written history of over 3000 years and is one of the cradles of ancient civilization in the Arab world.
From the 14th century BC to 525 AD, three dynasties were established, namely the Maine, Saba, and Hermier dynasties.
From 525 AD, he became a vassal of the Aksum Empire, and after the Battle of Yemen from 570 to 578 AD, he became a vassal of Sassanian Persia and was briefly annexed.
In the 7th century, it became part of the Arab Empire.
In the early 16th century, the Portuguese invaded. In 1789, Britain occupied the island of Pirin, which belonged to Yemen. In 1839, it also occupied Aden and established a colony in September of that year. From 1863 to 1882, Britain successively annexed 30 tribal territories such as Hadaram, forming the "Aden Protectorate", dividing most of Yemen's southern territory and establishing buffer zones based on loose alliances in the surrounding areas of Aden.
In 1918, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Yemen declared independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1918, establishing the Kingdom of Mutawakilia in Yemen.
In 1934, the Kingdom of Yemen failed in a war with the Saudi Arabian royal family, and Britain took the opportunity to force it to sign an unequal treaty, recognizing Britain's occupation of southern Yemen. Yemen was officially divided into the north and south.
From 1959 to 1963, the United Kingdom pieced together six sultanate in the south of Yemen into the "South Arab Federation", and then "Adenpoldi" announced its accession.
In 1962, a revolution occurred in North Yemen, establishing the Arab Republic of Yemen, becoming the first Arab country to declare independence from colonial rule. In 1963, the people of the southern region launched a large-scale armed struggle against Britain under the leadership of the Democratic Front.
In 1967, Britain withdrew and the People's Republic of South Yemen was established. In 1970, it was renamed the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and began to pursue pro Soviet socialism. There have been multiple coups in northern and southern Yemen, with two heads of state being killed and three heads of state being ousted. During the same period, two heads of state in southern Yemen were also killed and deposed. In 1986 alone, a 12 day coup led by some military officers in South Yemen, supported by the Soviet Union, resulted in 12000 deaths in South Yemen. With the development of the international situation, the two countries have accelerated the pace of reunification. In 1988, the two sides signed an agreement on the free transit of residents from north to south and the joint development of oil and mining resources in the border area, marking the beginning of accelerating reunification.
On May 22, 1990, northern and southern Yemen declared reunification and established the Republic of Yemen.
In May 1994, conflicts between the leaders of northern and southern Yemen intensified over issues such as reunification, leading to the outbreak of civil war. The civil war ended in July, the southern army failed, and Yemen returned to unity. The Arab Yemeni and Democratic Yemeni parliaments discussed the draft Taz unification agreement and decided that May 22nd would be the birth date of the unified Republic of Yemen. In September, the Parliament passed a constitutional amendment to change the presidential committee system to the presidential system. On October 1, Saleh was elected president.
In July 1998, Assana, Haj and Al Mahwit provinces established Amram Province; Analyze the establishment of Dali Province in the provinces of Ib, Rahti, and Taez. The proposal to divide Hadramao Province into two provinces was rejected locally.
In September 1999, Sa was elected as president in the first national election after Yemen's reunification.
In January 2004, Sanaa Province established Laima Province.
In September 2006, Sa was re elected for re-election.
In March 2015, Yemeni President Abdul Rab Mansour Hadi announced that Aden was the temporary capital due to the occupation of its capital Sanaa by Hussein militants. [2] On October 2, 2015, the Yemeni government announced through Aden Television that it would sever diplomatic relations with Iran from now on. The governments of Yemen and Saudi Arabia accuse Iran of supporting the Husai armed group's attempt to overthrow the Yemeni regime, which the Iranian government denies.
On September 24, 2017, US President Donald Trump signed the latest travel ban, and Yemen was included in the new travel ban list.
In November 2021, the Saudi Arabian led multinational coalition command announced to the outside world in the early hours of local time on the 23rd that it would begin air strikes on some targets within the Yemeni capital city of Sanaa.
On April 7, 2022, Yemeni President Al Hadi announced the transfer of presidential power to the newly established Presidential Leadership Committee, and Rashad Mohammed Ali mi was the chairman of the Presidential Leadership Committee.
On February 15, 2023 local time, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed a resolution extending sanctions against Yemen.
geographical environment
Regional location
Yemen is located at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, with a latitude of 12-20 degrees north and a longitude of 41-54 degrees east. It borders Saudi Arabia in the north, the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden in the south, Oman in the east, and Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti in the African continent across the Mande Strait in the west. Yemen has a coastline of about 2000 kilometers, and maritime transportation is very convenient. The Mandela Strait, located in the southwest, is one of the important international navigable straits, connecting the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is a maritime transportation hub for Europe, Asia, and Africa, and its strategic location is extremely important. Located in the Gulf of Aden on the Arabian Sea, Aden is one of the famous ports in history, with a land area of 528000 square kilometers.
topographic features
Yemen is located in southwestern Asia, at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the north, the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden in the south, the sultanate of Oman in the east, the Red Sea in the west, and the Mander Strait. It has an important strategic position. Yemen has a land area of 528000 square kilometers and a coastline of 2200 kilometers. The terrain of Yemen can be roughly divided into five parts:
a mountain country
The western and southern parts of Yemen are covered by continuous high mountains and plateaus, with Hadurshuab Peak at an altitude of 3666 meters, which is the highest point in Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula.
plateau
The northeast of Yemen is a vast plateau region.
Coastal plain
Starting from the Yemen Oman border, along the Arabian coast, turning north in the Mander Strait to the Yemen Saudi border, it is a plain area about 2000 kilometers long and 30 to 60 kilometers wide.
Desert areas
The desert areas are mostly concentrated in Hadramao Province, with few wild plants.
island
Soktra Island in the Arabian Sea is the largest island in Yemen, with an area of 3650 square kilometers. It was included in the World Natural Heritage in 2008. In addition, there are 112 islands distributed in the Red Sea.
Climatic characteristics
The southern part of Yemen has a tropical arid climate, which is divided into two seasons: cool and hot. The hot season is from April to October, with an average temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. The cool season is from November to March, with an average temperature of 27 degrees Celsius. The annual rainfall is 50 millimeters. The temperature in Aden is relatively high, reaching 41.8 degrees Celsius in the hot season and 17.5 degrees Celsius in the cool season, with an average annual rainfall of 94.7 millimeters. There are many types of climate in the north, with a gentle slope to the east extending into the Rubkhari Desert, which is a desert and semi desert area with a dry climate, hot weather, and little rain; The Central Plateau, with an altitude of 1500-4000 meters, has a cool climate; In hilly areas, the climate is mild with abundant rainfall, with an annual precipitation of over 1000 millimeters. The rainy season is mostly concentrated in March May and July September; The western Red Sea coast is the Tihama region, with a hot and humid climate. In summer, the temperature is generally between 35-40 degrees Celsius, and the humidity is generally between 80% and 90%. The annual precipitation is below 400 millimeters. It is the region with the highest precipitation in the Arabian Peninsula.
