Greenland
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2023-05-15 14:35:40
Greenland
Greenland
Greenland (Danish: Gr ø nland; Greenland: Kalaallit Nunaat; English: Greenland) is located in the northeast of North America and is one of the Danish self-governing territories (the other being the Faroe Islands). It is the world's largest island with an area of 2166313.54 square kilometers. Greenland is located at the junction of North America and Europe, connecting the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. It faces Canada across the strait in the west, the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the south, and Iceland in Europe across the sea through the Denmark Strait in the east， sports fitness .
It is 2574 kilometers away from Pilidi in the north to Fawer Cape in the south. The widest part is about 1290 kilometers. The coastline is more than 35000 kilometers long. The territory of Denmark, the capital of Nuuk (Gothhob), has a majority of Reinuit residents. The island is cold all the year round. It is a typical polar climate. The summer temperature in coastal areas can reach above zero, while the inland part is frozen all the year round. More than 80% of the island's land is covered by ice cover, The total area of the ice sheet is 1833900 square kilometers.
Chinese name Greenland Foreign name Greenland (English)
Gr ø nland (Danish)
Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenlandic) is briefly referred to as Nuuk, West West Muse, Ilulissat and other major cities in North America in the continent of Greenland (in no particular order). The national anthem "There is a good place" on April 16, country code GRL official language Greenlandic, Danish currency Danmakron time zone UTC+0-UTC-4 political system parliamentary constitutional monarchy population 56600 (2011) [6] Major ethnic Inuit Lutheranism (Christianity), the main religion of Danes, has a land area of about 2166000 km ² [7] GDP totaled US $3.052 billion (2018, international exchange rate) GDP per capita was US $54470 (2018, international exchange rate) international call area code 299 Abbreviation of international domain name. gl Road access Right driving climate Cold zone climate capital Nuuk's head of the Kingdom of Denmark Kim Gilson
Name Origin
The official language of Greenland in Denmark, Danish, literally means "green land" (Gr ø nland). There is a story about why this frozen, silver clad land enjoys such a spring like reputation. Legend has it that in ancient times, around 982, a Norwegian pirate nicknamed "Red haired Eric" rowed a small boat and set sail from Iceland, intending to cross the ocean. Friends all thought he was too brave and were sweating for his safety. Later, he discovered a piece of water grass land less than a kilometer long in the southern part of Greenland, which was green and he loved it very much. After returning to his hometown, he proudly said to his friends, "Not only did I come back safely, but I also discovered a green continent." So Greenland became its permanent name.
Greenland is the largest island in the world with an area of 2.166 million square kilometers. About 3/4 of the island is in the Arctic Circle. The annual average temperature of Greenland is below 0 ℃, and the coldest central inland area can reach - 70 ℃ at the lowest. Standing on Greenland and reciting 'thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow' can find a complete feeling. The diverse icebergs and glaciers have become a wonder of Greenland, and rich associations are formed with them.
Historical Evolution Editorial Broadcast
prehistoric
It is said that the Inuit people used islands in the Canadian polar regions as a springboard and crossed the sea from North America to the northwest of Greenland. They migrated multiple times, from 4000 years ago to 1000 years ago. Each major migration carries a different Inuit culture, known as the Sarquark culture from around 1400 BC to 700 BC, the Dorset culture from around 800-1300 BC, as well as the Dundas (i.e. Tulle) and Inuit cultures.
colonization
More than 1000 years ago, Inuit people in northern Canada moved to Greenland to settle down, and they have lived by fishing and hunting for generations.
In 982 AD, Norwegian Eric (nicknamed "Red haired Eric") was expelled from Iceland on charges of murder and settled in Greenland. In 985, Eric returned to Iceland and named it Greenland in order to make people happy to visit this newly discovered land. In 986, he organized an exploration team to explore Greenland, which led to the development of two major colonies: the Eastern Colony, near present-day Juliana Hobb; The Western Colony is located near present-day Gothhob. At their peak, these colonies had 280 farms and a population of up to 3000 people.
In the 11th century, Eric's son Eriksson returned from Norway, where he had recently embraced Christianity, and introduced Christianity to Greenland. In 1126, Greenland established the first bishopric position on the island. Greenland became a colony of Norway in 1261.
Historical management
Since 1261, Greenland has been under the rule of the King of Norway. Prior to this, Knowles Greenland had always been a republic. After the disappearance of the original Norse colony, there was no colonial activity in Greenland for a long time.
In 1380, Denmark formed an alliance with Norway, and Greenland was transferred to the joint jurisdiction of Denmark and Norway.
In 1721, Egd, with the permission of the United Kingdom of Denmark Norway, established a trading company and the Lutheran Missionary Society near Gothob, marking the beginning of Greenland's true colonial era.
In 1776, the Danish government monopolized trade activities in Greenland. Afterwards, the coast of Greenland was closed to the outside world.
In 1841, after the partition of Denmark and Norway, it became a colony of Denmark. Later, Norway and Denmark had a dispute over the ownership of the island.
In 1933, Denmark and Norway agreed to submit the dispute to the Permanent International Court of Justice under the League of Nations for arbitration. According to the arbitration results, Denmark gained full sovereignty over Greenland.
In 1950, Greenland's coast was opened to the outside world, and during the coastal closure period, Denmark worked hard to gradually adapt Greenlanders to the outside world to avoid economic losses after the opening up.
Starting around the 13th century, Norse (i.e. Norway) immigrants began to interact with the expanding Inuit Thule culture (which appeared in northern Greenland around 1100). However, mainly due to the cooling climate in Greenland, the Norse colony declined in the 14th century and completely disappeared in the 15th century.
After World War II
During the German occupation of Denmark (1940-1945), Greenland was protected by the United States, and in 1945, Greenland returned to Denmark. After the war, Denmark responded to Greenlanders protesting their rule on the island. In 1951, the trade monopoly of the Royal Greenland Trading Company was abolished. In 1953, after Greenland became part of the Kingdom of Denmark, Denmark embarked on reforms to improve the local economy, transportation system, and education system on the island. On May 1, 1979, Greenland gained autonomy in its internal affairs.
During World War II, Greenland was once administered by the United States and returned to Denmark after the war. In 1953, Denmark amended its constitution and Greenland became a state of Denmark. Like the Faroe Islands, it also holds two seats in the Danish parliament.
autonomy
In 1973, Greenland joined the European Economic Community with Denmark. However, as a North American island that relies entirely on marine resources for its economy and survival, being managed by Europe is completely unnecessary. Starting from May 1, 1979, Greenland officially implemented internal autonomy, but foreign affairs, defense, and justice were still managed by Denmark. On February 1, 1985, Greenland successfully liberated itself from the European Community through a referendum.
Since the establishment of an internal self-governing government in Greenland, like the status obtained by the Faroe Islands in 1948, it has become a country with a special status under the name of the Kingdom of Denmark. A basic condition for internal autonomy is for the Greenland government to manage Greenland affairs on its own, and only cases related to the Kingdom of Denmark are adjudicated by the Danish judiciary. As a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, the authority of Denmark's representative in Greenland has greatly decreased with the transfer of power from Denmark to the Greenland Autonomous Government. Nevertheless, he remains the chief representative of Denmark in Greenland, managing the internal affairs of Greenland in accordance with the law and responsible for the elections held by Denmark in Greenland. Greenland cannot sign agreements on diplomatic relations with other countries in foreign affairs. On the other hand, as a form of compensation, the Danish Constitution also promises that all statements related to Greenland will be taken care of by the Greenland Autonomous Government.
Greenland officially became autonomous on June 21, 2009. [3] In November 2008, Greenland held a referendum on self-government, which won the support of three quarters of the people. After Greenland's autonomy, the government will take over the natural gas resource management, judicial, and police powers originally owned by the Kingdom of Denmark. Greenland will have partial diplomatic powers, but the Kingdom of Denmark has final decision-making power in Greenland's defense and foreign affairs. Greenland will become its official language.
Greenland is extremely rich in natural mineral resources, but the resources, including oil, natural gas, gold and diamonds, are buried under the thick ice layer of the Arctic Circle, which is difficult to exploit. But American experts believe that when global warming causes huge ice sheets to melt, extracting Greenland's natural resources will become easier.
The Greenlandic left-wing party, the Workers' Party, won the recent Greenland Autonomous Council elections and became the largest party in the Greenland Parliament.
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Regional location
Greenland is located in the northeast of North America, between the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. With an area of about 2.1661 million square kilometers and a coastline of more than 35000 kilometers, it is the largest island in the world, larger than the total area of Western Europe and Central Europe, so it is also called the subcontinent of Greenland.
Greenland is not only the largest island on Earth, but also the island with most of its area (approximately 84.7%) covered by ice and snow. The continental glaciers (or ice sheets) in Greenland have an area of 1.8339 million square kilometers, with an average thickness of approximately 2300 meters, which is similar to the average thickness of the Antarctic continental ice sheet. The total volume of ice and snow in Greenland is approximately 3 million cubic kilometers, accounting for 9.7% to 11% of the global glacier volume and 7-8% of the total freshwater. [9] If all the ice and snow in Greenland melt away, global sea levels will rise by 7.5 meters. If all the ice and snow in Antarctica were to melt away, the global sea level would rise by 66 meters.
Greenland is the world's largest island, with an area of 2166086 kilometers ²， In Northeast North America, between the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. The distance from Piri Land in the north to Cape Favre in the south is 2574 kilometers, with a maximum width of approximately 1290 kilometers and a total coastline of over 35000 kilometers. Denmark is a territory with the capital of Nuuk (Gothhob) and a population of approximately 57100 (as of 2005).
In fact, this island is not as full of spring as its name. Greenland belongs to high latitude in terms of geographical latitude, with its northernmost point, Cape Morris Jessup, located at 83 ° 39'N, and its southernmost point, Cape Faver, located at 59 ° 46'N, with a north-south length of approximately 2600 kilometers, equivalent to the distance from the northern end of the European continent to Central Europe. The easternmost northeast corner is located at 11 ° 39'W, while the western end of Alexandria Corner is located at 73 ° 08'W. The climate is extremely cold, with vast expanses of ice and snow.
The area of Greenland's ice free area is 441700 kilometers ²， Most of them are exposed rocks and permafrost, with most of the areas on the north and east coasts being almost untouched cold wastelands. The inhabited area is approximately 200000 square kilometers, mainly distributed in the southern region of the West Coast with a milder climate. The island has a vast north-south depth, and there are significant differences in climate between regions. Greenland, located in the Arctic Circle, has polar day and night phenomena unique to the polar region.
The residents are mainly distributed in the west and southwest, with Inuit (Eskimo) people accounting for the majority. The west coast has the world's largest fjord, cutting 322 kilometers inland. Most settlements, including its capital Gothhob, are located here, with approximately 12000 people in the capital. Two thirds of the island is in the north of the Arctic Circle, and the climate is cold. Only the southwest coastal areas have no permafrost. More than 4/5 of Greenland's land is covered by ice, with an average thickness of over 1500 meters and a maximum thickness of nearly 3500 meters. It is the modern giant continental glacier second only to Antarctica and the largest ice sheet in the Northern Hemisphere.
Inuit (Eskimo) people first arrived here 3000 years ago. In 1894, Denmark established its first colony on the southeast coast of the island. In 1921, Denmark declared independence, but in 1979, the Danish government allowed Greenlanders to govern and passed the "Greenland Autonomy Regulations".
Greenland is an area composed of towering mountain ranges, massive blue-green icebergs, magnificent fjords, and barren exposed rocks. From the sky, it looks like a vast and open wilderness, where uneven black peaks occasionally penetrate the dazzling white and infinitely extending ice fields. But from the ground, Greenland is an island with significant differences: in summer, the meadows near the coast bloom with purple tiger ear grass and yellow poppy flowers, as well as shrubby mountain ash and birch trees. However, central Greenland is still enclosed on a huge ice sheet, and within a few hundred kilometers, neither a grassland nor a small flower can be found.
Greenland is an incredibly beautiful island with significant geographical differences. The eastern coast has been congested with insurmountable ice blocks for many years, as the natural conditions there are extremely harsh and transportation is difficult, making it less traveled. This makes this vast area a natural refuge for some endangered plants, birds, and mammals in the Arctic. Cryolite is the most famous mineral. Aquatic products are abundant, including whales, seals, and so on.
Island formation
According to foreign media reports, scientists have found that Greenland was formed 3.8 billion years ago. Its predecessor was the submarine continent, which was formed due to the collision of continental plates. This discovery has made Greenland the oldest island in the world. Scientists say this research discovery indicates that the plate movement of the Earth's continents occurred much earlier than people had imagined, and Greenland was formed by the collision of continental plates during the movement.
Scientists came to this conclusion after analyzing and studying some ancient rock fossils discovered in Greenland. They stated that these ancient rock fossils are hidden underground in Greenland, and their arrangement is like a neat embankment. Through the analysis and research of these rocks, scientists have confirmed that the origin of Greenland is much more complex than people imagine. It may be the result of crustal plate movement, but the formation process is quite long and complex.
Scientists claim that these ancient rock fossils discovered in Greenland can only be produced due to collision during the movement of the continental plate, which is what scientists call serpentine. Serpentine is a type of rock formed by two continental plates colliding with each other during movement, compressing the submarine continent. From this point, it can be concluded that Greenland may have been a submarine continent in ancient times.
Professor Harry Ferns, who is responsible for this research work, said when discussing the study, The discovery of ophiolites on Greenland Island is a breakthrough point for us to value and examine this island. The fossils of these ophiolites found in the southeastern part of Greenland are the oldest on Earth, and it can be said that Greenland was the first island on Earth to form a submarine continent due to crustal movement and collision. Based on the aging and weathering degree of these fossils, we preliminarily estimate that they were formed 3.8 billion years ago
This research result was published in the latest issue of Science magazine, and the article states that it will have a significant impact on the evolution history of Earth and the formation history of life on Earth. Previously, the vast majority of experts believed that life originated in warm places on Earth, as these places helped organisms absorb external energy
