Montenegro
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2023-05-16 16:16:01
Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro (Montenegrin: Crna Gora, English: Montenegro) is located in the middle and west of the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. It is adjacent to Albania in the southeast, Serbia in the northeast, Bosnia Herzegovina and Croatia in the northwest, and the Adriatic Sea in the southwest. Its coastline is 293 kilometers long, and its land area is 13900 square kilometers. The western and central regions are hilly and plain areas, while the northern and northeastern regions are plateau and mountainous areas. The average annual precipitation is 1798 millimeters. Winter is cold and rainy, while summer is hot and dry. Climate can be divided into Mediterranean climate, temperate continental climate and mountain climate from south to north according to terrain. Montenegro has a total of 25 administrative regions, with the capital being Podgorica. In June 2022, Montenegro had a population of 622000，sports fitness .
In the 9th century, the Slavs established the "Ducliya" state in the Black Mountain region. In the 11th century, "Ducliya" was renamed "Zeta" and merged into Serbia at the end of the 12th century, becoming the Serbian administrative province. In the 15th century, the Ottoman Türkiye Empire occupied the present Podgorica and its northern region, and the Zeta dynasty fell. In 1878, the Berlin Conference recognized Montenegro as an independent country. After the First World War in 1918, Montenegro merged with Serbia again and joined the "Kingdom of Serbia Croatia Slovenia". In 1929, it was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In the early 1990s, the Federation of Yugoslavia disintegrated, and Montenegro and Serbia joined forces to form the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
On February 4, 2003, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Parliament passed the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro, which was renamed Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro held a referendum on national independence and was approved. On June 3 of the same year, Montenegro declared independence.
ancient
The ancestors of the Black Mountain region were the Illyrians, who were conquered by ancient Rome in the 3rd century BC and became part of the Illyrian province. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Illyria fell into the hands of the Goths. Byzantine Emperor Justinian I once again conquered this region.
In the 6th to 7th centuries, some Slavs crossed the Carpathians and migrated to the Balkan Peninsula, merging with the local Illyans.
In the 9th century, the Black Mountain region established the first "Ducria" state.
In the 11th century, "Ducliya" was renamed "Zeta" and merged into Serbia at the end of the 12th century, becoming the Serbian administrative province.
In 1389, the Ottoman Turks defeated the Serbs in the battle of Kosovo, and Montenegro regained its independence.
In 1516, Montenegro became a Caesaropapism country centered on Zittine. The monarch is a bishop who gathers political power and benefits all. They often fought against Ottoman Turks and Albanians. Among Balkan countries, Montenegro is the only region not conquered by Türkiye.
modern
In 1878, Montenegro was officially recognized as an independent country during the Berlin Conference, and its territory doubled. Due to Albania's opposition, its southern territory was not determined until 1880. Montenegro ultimately gained access to the Podgorica Plain and a 40 kilometer coastline including two small ports, Bar and Uzzinia.
