Afghanistan[ ā fù hàn]
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2023-05-17 14:35:48
Afghanistan[ ā fù hàn]
Afghanistan[ ā fù hàn]
Afghanistan, also known as the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country in central and western Asia. Neighboring Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north, Iran to the west, Pakistan to the south and east, and China in a protruding strip to the northeast. The country covers an area of 647500 square kilometers and its capital is Kabul. Afghanistan is one of the least developed countries in the world. After experiencing war and turmoil, the economy has been completely destroyed and heavily reliant on foreign aid，sports fitness .
The Kingdom of Afghanistan was established in 1747. After the 19th century, the country's strength declined and it became a competition ground between Britain and Tsarist Russia. In 1919, he gained independence from British colonial rule. In December 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. In 1994, the Taliban in Afghanistan emerged, and in September 1996, they captured Kabul and established political power. In October 1997, the country was renamed as the "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan". In 2001, after the 9/11 attacks, the Taliban regime in Afghanistan collapsed under US military strikes. In April 2021, the United States announced a comprehensive withdrawal from Afghanistan, while its allies and NATO countries announced a simultaneous withdrawal, triggering a rapid evolution of the situation in Afghanistan. On September 7th, the Afghan Taliban announced the formation of an interim government and announced some cabinet members.
According to the statistics of the Central Bureau of Statistics of Afghanistan, the population of Afghanistan in the 2019/2020 fiscal year was approximately 32.2 million, with about 30 ethnic groups and 21 main ethnic groups. Among them, the Pashtun ethnic group accounted for about 40%, the Tajik ethnic group accounted for about 25%, the Hazara ethnic group accounted for 19%, and the Uzbek ethnic group accounted for 8% (due to the lack of a population census in Afghanistan for many years, it is difficult to determine the accurate number and proportion of each ethnic group, and there is a significant gap between different data sources). [2] In 2021, Afghanistan's gross domestic product (GDP) was 14.79 billion US dollars, with a GDP growth rate of -20.7% and a per capita GDP of 368.8 US dollars. As of September 2021, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is divided into 34 provinces, including counties, districts, townships, and villages.
Prehistoric Afghanistan
The history of Afghanistan can be traced back to the Persian Empire period, when it was incorporated into Persia during the expedition of Emperor Cyrus the Great in the sixth century BC.
After Alexander's invasion in 329 BC, he was incorporated into his empire. After Alexander's death, the empire was divided into three parts, and the Afghan region was transferred to the Seleucid dynasty in the east.
In about 250 BC, the territory of Bactrian Governor Theodosius, located between the Amu Darya River and the Hindu Kush Mountains (including northern Afghanistan), gained independence from the Seleucid dynasty and established the Hellenized Bactrian Kingdom (known in Chinese history as the Great Xia, Tuhuo, etc.). It was strongest in the first half of the second century BC and expanded to the Indus River basin, but later declined due to internal turmoil.
In the first half of the second century BC, the Dayue people, who were originally stationed in the Hexi Corridor, were defeated by the Xiongnu people and moved westward to the Amu Darya River basin. Around 140-130 BC, they conquered the Great Xia and drove the Greeks from Central Asia to the northwest of India.
