Chongqing
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2024-05-22 14:06:44
Chongqing
Chongqing
Chongqing, also known as Shancheng or Jiangcheng, is a municipality directly under the central government of the People's Republic of China, a national central city, and a mega city. It is one of the important national central cities approved by the State Council, an economic center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, an international consumption center city, a national advanced manufacturing base, a western financial center, a western scientific and technological innovation center, an international comprehensive transportation hub city, and an opening gateway. It governs 38 districts and counties, with a total area of 82400 square kilometers and a permanent population of 31.9143 million as of the end of 2023，sports fitness .
Chongqing, located in the southwest of China, is the economic, financial, scientific and technological innovation, shipping and commercial logistics center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It is the only national logistics hub with five types, playing a supporting role in the Western Development, playing a leading role in the "the Belt and Road", and playing a demonstration role in the Yangtze River Economic Belt; There are world cultural heritage Dazu Rock Carvings, world natural heritage Wulong Karst, Nanchuan Jinfo Mountain and other landscapes.
Chongqing is a national historical and cultural city, and the birthplace of Bayu culture. With a history of over 3000 years of urban construction, it has been known as "Born Chongqing" since ancient times. Emperor Guangzong of Song first conferred the title of Prince Gong and then ascended to the throne, elevating Gongzhou to Chongqing Prefecture, hence the name. The Xia, Shang, and Ba kingdoms established their capital here, and at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Great Xia was founded here. The opening of ports in Chongqing during the late Qing Dynasty and the relocation of the Nationalist government to Chongqing made it the political, military, economic, and cultural center of modern China's rear areas, as well as the birthplace of the Red Rock spirit. At the beginning of the People's Republic of China, it was the headquarters and municipality of the Southwest Region, and in 1997 it was restored to a municipality directly under the central government.
Chongqing is a model mountainous city in China, the world's hot spring capital, and the capital of Chinese hot pot. As the residence of the Chengdu Chongqing Financial Court and the first city for the China Europe freight train, as of 2022, it has gathered 964 various research and development platforms; There are 70 universities stationed in Chongqing, including China (Chongqing) Pilot Free Trade Zone, China Singapore (Chongqing) Strategic Interconnection Demonstration Project, Western Land Sea New Corridor and other strategic projects.
In 2023, the gross domestic product of Chongqing reached 3014.579 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1% compared to the previous year.
The New China Era
On November 30, 1949, the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army of China liberated Chongqing. Subsequently, Chongqing became the headquarters of the Southwest Military and Political Commission, a central municipality under the administration of the Southwest Region.
From 1950 to 1952, the Chuandong Administrative Region was established, under the jurisdiction of the Southwest Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In 1950, the headquarters of the East Sichuan Administration was located in Huangjueya, Chongqing. In 1951, it was relocated to Beibei City. On August 7, 1952, the East Sichuan Administrative Region was abolished and reorganized with the South Sichuan Administrative Region, North Sichuan Administrative Region, and West Sichuan Administrative Region into Sichuan Province. Beibei City was merged into Chongqing City.
In June 1954, the 32nd meeting of the Central People's Government Committee passed the Decision on the Revocation of Regional Administrative Institutions and the Merger of Several Provinces and Cities. In July, Chongqing was incorporated into the administrative system of Sichuan Province. The state implemented a separate national planning system from 1954 to 1958, with no change in political and economic treatment after it was transformed into a provincial-level city.
In 1955, 17 townships in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province were transferred to Chongqing City.
In January 1959, Ba County and Qijiang County in Jiangjin Special Zone, Sichuan Province, and Changshou County in Fuling Special Zone were transferred to Chongqing City.
In 1964, the Beibu Gulf Incident broke out and the construction of the third line began, making Chongqing the core city of the third line construction. From 1964 to 1968, Chongqing underwent its second separate plan in four years. From 1964 to 1966, 58 enterprises and institutions involving 15 central departments, as well as 43488 employees, were relocated to Chongqing on a large scale from 12 provinces and cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Liaoning, and Guangdong. By 1975, the number of migrant workers who migrated from the main urban area of Chongqing reached its peak, with a total of 435000 people, accounting for 1/4 of the urban population at that time. From the second half of 1964 to 1967, 59 major backbone projects and supporting projects were also arranged for new construction and expansion, including the renovation and expansion of the weapons industry, new projects in shipbuilding, electronics, aerospace, metallurgical, chemical, and mechanical industries, and new construction and expansion of transportation projects.
In 1965 and 1979, the key controlled railway projects for China's three line construction, the Sichuan Guizhou Railway and the Xiangyu Railway, were successively opened to traffic.
In January 1976, Jiangbei County in the Jiangjin area of Sichuan Province was incorporated into Chongqing City, and Tongnan County in the Mianyang area was incorporated into the Jiangjin area.
In 1981, the Jiangjin region was renamed as the Yongchuan region.
On March 3, 1983, 8 counties in Yongchuan, Sichuan Province were merged into Chongqing, making Chongqing the first planned city in China to enjoy provincial-level economic management authority. At this point, Chongqing covers an area of 23113.95 square kilometers and governs 9 districts and 12 counties.
